Veal Calves Produce Less Antibodies against C. Perfringens Alpha Toxin Compared to Beef Calves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Study 1: Antibody Dynamics against Alpha Toxin and Perfringolysin in Veal and Beef Calves
2.1.1. Alpha Toxin Antibody Dynamics
Alpha toxin blocking ELISA | Mean % Inhibition of OD ± Standard Deviation | Seroprevalence ± Standard Deviation | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (in weeks) | Age (in weeks) | ||||||||
Populations | n | 2 | 8 | 14 | 26 | 2 | 8 | 14 | 26 |
Veal total | 443 | a43 ± 21 | b35 ± 17 | c30 ± 15 | c30 ± 15 | 46 ± 13 | 29 ± 14 | 17 ± 13 | 16 ± 9 |
Veal cross | 167 | a45 ± 22 | b40 ± 18 | c35 ± 15 | c33 ± 15 | 49 ± 18 | 45 ± 11 | 28 ± 12 | 20 ± 12 |
Veal HF | 121 | a40 ± 21 | b29 ± 12 | b23 ± 10 | b29 ± 17 | 43 ± 10 | 17 ± 4 | 6 ± 10 | 17 ± 8 |
Veal BB | 155 | a42 * ± 20 | b34 * ± 17 | c29 * ± 24 | c26 * ± 13 | 45 ± 13 | 26 ± 10 | 16 ± 4 | 9 ± 6 |
Beef BB | 85 | a51 * ± 23 | a52 * ± 16 | a55 * ± 13 | a53 * ± 12 | 66 ± 40 | 76 ± 28 | 91 ± 8 | 85 ± 14 |
All calves | 528 | a44 ± 21 | b37 ± 18 | b32 ± 16 | b33 ± 17 | 44 ± 22 | 37 ± 18 | 32 ± 16 | 33 ± 17 |
2.1.2. Perfringolysin Antibody Dynamics
2.2. Study 2: Effect of Solid Feed Provision on Alpha Toxin and Perfringolysin Antibody Dynamics
2.2.1. Mortality, Incidence of Enterotoxaemia and Average Weight Gain
2.2.2. Alpha Toxin and Perfringolysin Antibody Dynamics
Alpha Toxin Serology (% Inhibition of OD ± Standard Deviation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Age in Weeks | |||
2 | 8 | 14 | 26 | |
Group 1 | 72 ± 14 | 67 ± 11 | 67 ± 8 | 70 ± 5 |
Group 2 | 64 ± 13 | 66 ± 8 | 68 ± 6 | 67 ± 5 |
Total | 68 ± 14 | 66 ± 10 | 68 ± 7 | 69 ± 5 |
2.3. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Study 1: Dynamics of Antibodies against Alpha Toxin and Perfringolysin in Veal and Beef Calves
3.1.1. Animals
Herd | Number of Calves in Study | Production System | Breed | Floor | Feed | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milk Replacer | ||||||||
% NP | % SMP | Weaning | Solid Feed | |||||
1 | 25 | Veal | HF | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
2 | 25 | Veal | HF | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
3 | 25 | Veal | HFXBB | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
4 | 25 | Veal | BB | Slatted floor | 30 | 70 | No | <200 g/d |
5 | 25 | Veal | HFXBB | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
6 | 25 | Veal | BB | Slatted floor | 30 | 70 | No | <200 g/d |
7 | 25 | Veal | HF | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
8 | 26 | Veal | HF | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
9 | 25 | Veal | HF | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
10 | 24 | Veal | BB | Slatted floor | 30 | 70 | No | <200 g/d |
11 | 30 | Veal | BB | Slatted floor | 30 | 70 | No | <200 g/d |
12 | 39 | Veal | HFXBB | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
13 | 38 | Veal | BB | Slatted floor | 30 | 70 | No | <200 g/d |
14 | 41 | Veal | HFXBB | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
15 | 39 | Veal | HFXBB | Slatted floor | 95 | 5 | No | <200 g/d |
16 | 21 | Beef | BB | Straw bedded | 0 | 100 | Yes | Ad lib |
17 | 20 | Beef | BB | Straw bedded | 0 | 100 | Yes | Ad lib |
18 | 27 | Beef | BB | Straw bedded | 0 | 100 | Yes | Ad lib |
19 | 23 | Beef | BB | Straw bedded | 0 | 100 | Yes | Ad lib |
3.1.2. Sampling
3.1.3. Antibody Determination
Alpha Toxin Antibody ELISA
Expression and Purification of Perfringolysin
Perfringolysin Antibody ELISA
3.1.4. Statistics
3.2. Study 2: Effect of Solid Feed Intake on Alpha Toxin and Perfringolysin Antibody Dynamics
3.2.1. Study Design
3.2.2. Animals, Housing and Feeding
3.2.3. Laboratory Analysis
3.2.4. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Share and Cite
Valgaeren, B.R.; Pardon, B.; Goossens, E.; Verherstraeten, S.; Roelandt, S.; Timbermont, L.; Vekens, N.V.D.; Stuyvaert, S.; Gille, L.; Van Driessche, L.; et al. Veal Calves Produce Less Antibodies against C. Perfringens Alpha Toxin Compared to Beef Calves. Toxins 2015, 7, 2586-2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7072586
Valgaeren BR, Pardon B, Goossens E, Verherstraeten S, Roelandt S, Timbermont L, Vekens NVD, Stuyvaert S, Gille L, Van Driessche L, et al. Veal Calves Produce Less Antibodies against C. Perfringens Alpha Toxin Compared to Beef Calves. Toxins. 2015; 7(7):2586-2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7072586
Chicago/Turabian StyleValgaeren, Bonnie R., Bart Pardon, Evy Goossens, Stefanie Verherstraeten, Sophie Roelandt, Leen Timbermont, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Sabrina Stuyvaert, Linde Gille, Laura Van Driessche, and et al. 2015. "Veal Calves Produce Less Antibodies against C. Perfringens Alpha Toxin Compared to Beef Calves" Toxins 7, no. 7: 2586-2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7072586