Detection of Senecionine in Dietary Sources by Single-Use Electrochemical Sensor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Apparatus
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Sample Preparation
2.4.1. Flour
2.4.2. Aqueous Extraction of Herbal Tea Sample
2.5. Electrochemical Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
4. Voltammetric Detection of SEN in Flour and Herbal Tea Samples
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Content | Current (nA) | RSD% | Difference |
---|---|---|---|
25 µg/mL SEN | 209.67 ± 15.76 | 7.52 | - |
25 µg/mL SEN in the presence of 25 µg/mL intermedine | 202.67 ± 14.57 | 7.19 | 7 nA (3.3%) |
25 µg/mL SEN in the presence of 25 µg/mL lycopsamine | 200.00 ± 9.17 | 4.58 | 9.67 nA (4.6%) |
25 µg/mL SEN in the presence of 25 µg/mL heliotrine | 208.50 ± 20.24 | 9.71 | 1.17 nA (0.5%) |
Method | Alkaloid | LOD | Application to Real Sample | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectroscopy | Senecionine | 0.0237 µg/mL | Honey | [27] |
HPLC-MS/MS | Senecionine and Senecionine N-Oxide | Senecionine: 57 ng/kg Senecionine N-Oxide: 59 ng/kg | Honey | [28] |
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy | Senecionine | 1.32 µg/g | Medicinal plants | [29] |
MEKC | Senecionine | 1 µg/mL | Medicinal plant | [30] |
RP-HPLC | Senecionine and Senecionine N-Oxide | Senecionine: 0.21 µg/mL Senecionine N-Oxide: 0.52 µg/mL | Medicinal plant | [31] |
ELISA | Senecionine | 68.3 fmol | Medical plants | [32] |
ELISA | Senecionine | Parent PA: 31,200 ng/mL, Digested PA: 1190 ng/mL | Plants | [33] |
HPLC-MS | Senecionine | 0.002 mg/kg | Honey | [34] |
DPV | Senecionine | 5.45 µg/mL in buffer, 12.28 µg/mL in flour sample, and 18.98 µg/mL in linden tea sample | Flour and herbal tea | This study |
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Senturk, H.; Eksin, E.; Zeybek, U.; Erdem, A. Detection of Senecionine in Dietary Sources by Single-Use Electrochemical Sensor. Micromachines 2021, 12, 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121585
Senturk H, Eksin E, Zeybek U, Erdem A. Detection of Senecionine in Dietary Sources by Single-Use Electrochemical Sensor. Micromachines. 2021; 12(12):1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121585
Chicago/Turabian StyleSenturk, Huseyin, Ece Eksin, Ulvi Zeybek, and Arzum Erdem. 2021. "Detection of Senecionine in Dietary Sources by Single-Use Electrochemical Sensor" Micromachines 12, no. 12: 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121585