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Micromachines
Volume 15
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10.3390/mi15010014
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Article

Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying

by
Qidi Hu
1,2,
Luheng Cheng
1,2,
Yushan Liu
1,
Xinyi Zhu
1,2,
Yu Tian
1 and
Nanyang Xu
1,3,*
1
Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311000, China
2
School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3
Institute of Quantum Sensing and College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010014
Submission received: 16 November 2023 / Revised: 18 December 2023 / Accepted: 19 December 2023 / Published: 21 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Prospects of Quantum Chips and Their Applications)
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Abstract

In recent years, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamonds has been demonstrated to be a high-performance multiphysics sensor, where a lock-in amplifier (LIA) is often adopted to monitor photoluminescence changes around the resonance. It is rather complex when multiple resonant points are utilized to realize a vector or temperature-magnetic joint sensing. In this article, we present a novel scheme to realize multipoint lock-in detection with only a single-channel device. This method is based on a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) technique, which is capable of freely hopping frequencies with a maximum of 1.4 GHz bandwidth and encoding an unlimited number of resonant points during the sensing process. We demonstrate this method in experiments and show it would be generally useful in quantum multi-frequency excitation applications, especially in the portable and highly mobile cases.
Keywords: field programmable gate array; quantum precision measurement; direct digital synthesizer; acquisition and processing equipment; microwave source field programmable gate array; quantum precision measurement; direct digital synthesizer; acquisition and processing equipment; microwave source

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, Q.; Cheng, L.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, X.; Tian, Y.; Xu, N. Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying. Micromachines 2024, 15, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010014

AMA Style

Hu Q, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Tian Y, Xu N. Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying. Micromachines. 2024; 15(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Qidi, Luheng Cheng, Yushan Liu, Xinyi Zhu, Yu Tian, and Nanyang Xu. 2024. "Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying" Micromachines 15, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010014

APA Style

Hu, Q., Cheng, L., Liu, Y., Zhu, X., Tian, Y., & Xu, N. (2024). Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying. Micromachines, 15(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010014

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