Role of Chemotherapy in Vulvar Cancers: Time to Rethink Standard of Care?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Early Setting
2.1. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
2.2. Primary Chemoradiation
2.3. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
2.4. Adjuvant Chemotherapy
2.5. Adjuvant Chemoradiation
3. Recurrent Disease
4. Advanced Disease
4.1. Chemotherapy, Chemoradiation and Electrochemotherapy
4.2. Targeted Agents
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thomas et al. [18] | 9 * | 1989 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/d d1–4 with or without MMC 6 mg/m2 | 45–51 GY | cCR: 66.6% |
Berek et al. [19] | 12 | 1991 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 100 mg/m2 d1 for 2 cycles | 40–52 Gy | cCR: 67% |
Eifel et al. [20] | 12 | 1995 | CisP 4 mg/m2/d d1–4 + 5-FU 250 mg/m2/d d1–4 for 4 weeks | 40 Gy | cPR: 100% pCR: 50% |
Scheistroen et al. [21] | 20 | 1993 | Bleo 30 mg IV d1, 3, 5 for 2 courses | 30–45 Gy | cCR: 25% cPR: 50% |
Landoni et al. [22] | 41 | 1996 | 5-FU 750 mg/m2 d1–5 + MMC 15 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 54 Gy in 2 courses | pCR: 24.4% |
Lupi et al. [23] | 24 | 1996 | 5-FU 750 mg/m2 d1–5 + MMC 15 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 54 Gy in 2 courses | cPR: 91.6% |
Leiserowitz et al. [24] | 23 | 1997 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 100 mg/m2 IV d2 for 2–3 cycles | 54 Gy | cCR: 60.9% |
Moore et al. [25] | 71 | 1998 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 2 courses of 23.8 Gy | cCR: 48% pCR: 70% |
Montana et al. [26] | 46 | 2000 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 2 courses of 23.8 Gy | pCR (nodes): 40% pCR (vulva): 52% |
Han et al. [27] | 12 | 2000 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + MMC 10 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 cycles | 45 Gy | cCR: 71.4% cPR: 28.6% |
Gerszten et al. [28] | 18 | 2005 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 44.6 Gy | cCR: 72.2% |
Gaudineau et al. [29] | 22 | 2012 | Carbo AUC 2 weekly | 50 Gy | pCR: 27% pPR: 95% |
Moore et al. [30] | 58 | 2012 | Weekly CisP 40 mg/m2 IV | 57.6 Gy | cCR: 64% pCR: 50% |
Beriwal et al. [31] | 42 | 2013 | CisP 40 mg/m2 d1 or 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–5 for 2 courses | IMRT 46 Gy | cCR: 51.2% pCR: 48.5% |
Study (First Author) | Number pts | Year | Chemotherapy Regimen | Radiotherapy Total Dose | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russel et al. [37] | 18 | 1992 | 5-FU 750–1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 100 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2–3 cycles | 54 Gy | CR: 50% PR: 6% |
Koh et al. [38] | 14 | 1993 | 5-FU 750–1000 mg/m2 IV d1–4 weekly | 54 Gy | CR: 57% PR: 36% |
Sebag-Montefiore et al. [39] | 16 | 1994 | 5-FU 750 mg/m2 d1–5 + MMC 10 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 cycles | 45 Gy | CR: 44% PR: 37% |
Wahlen et al. [40] | 19 | 1995 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 for 2 cycles with/without MMC 10 mg/m2 IV d1 | 45–50 Gy | CR: 52% PR: 36% |
Cunningham et al. [41] | 14 | 1997 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 50 mg/m2 d1 for 2 cycles | 45–50 Gy | CR: 64% PR: 29% |
Akl et al. [42] | 12 | 2000 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/24h d1–4 and d29–32 + MMC 15 mg/m2 IV d1 | 30–36 Gy | CR: 100% |
Mulayim et al. [43] | 17 | 2004 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 d1–4 with/without MMC 10 mg/m2 IV d1 | 45–60 Gy | CR: 86% |
Landrum et al. [44] | 33 | 2008 | Weekly CisP 40 mg/m2 or 2 cycles of CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 + 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 IV d1–4 | 47.6 Gy | CR: 87% |
Mak et al. [45] | 24 | 2011 | weekly CisP or 5-FU based | 50 Gy | CR: 58% |
Tans et al. [46] | 20 | 2011 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 infusion d1–4 + MMC 10 mg/m2 IV d1 for 2 courses | 40 + 20 Gy | CR: 70% |
Study (First Author) | Number pts | Year | Chemotherapy Regimen | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Durrant et al. [50] | 18 | 1990 | Bleo 5 mg IM d1–5 + MTX 15 mg PO d1 and 4 + CCNU 40 mg PO d5–7 week 1, then Bleo 5 mg IM d1 and 4 + MTX 15 mg PO d1 and 4 | ORR: 64% |
Benedetti-Panici et al. [51] | 21 | 1993 | CisP 100 mg/m2 d1 + Bleo 15 mg d1 and 8 + MTX 300 mg/m2 d8 | ORR (vulva): 90.5% ORR (nodes): 67% |
Wagenaar et al. [52] | 12 | 2001 | Week 1: Bleo 5 mg IM d1–5 + CCNU 40 mg PO d5–7 + MTX 10 mg PO d1 + 4 Weeks 2–6: Bleo 5 mg IM d1 + 4 + MTX 15 mg PO d1. | ORR: 58% |
Geisler et al. [53] | 13 | 2006 | 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/24 h d1–5 + CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 (n = 10) | pPR: 60%, pCR: 40% |
CisP 50 mg/m2 IV d1 (n = 3) | ORR: 0% | |||
Domingues et al. [54] | 25 | 2010 | Bleo 20 mg/m2 IV d1–10 (n = 10) | ORR: 60% |
Tax 100 mg/m2 IV weekly (n = 5) | ORR: 40% | |||
5-FU 750 mg/m2 d1–4 + CisP 60–80 mg/m2 IV d1, weekly (n = 10) | ORR: 20% | |||
Aragona et al. [55] | 35 | 2012 | Cis + 5-FU (n = 12) CisP + Tax (n = 6) CisP +5-FU + Tax (n = 6) VinC + Bleo + CisP (n = 6) Bleo alone (n = 5) | cPR: 85.7% |
Raspagliesi et al. [56] | 10 | 2014 | Tax 175 mg/m2 d1 + ifosfamide 5 g/m2 in 24 h in d2 + CisP 50 mg/m2 Tax 175 mg/m2 d1 + CisP 70 mg/m2 | pCR: 10% |
Study (First Author) | Number pts | Year | Chemotherapy Regimen | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thigpen et al. [61] | 22 | 1986 | CisP 50 mg/m2 IV q21 or Piperazinedione 9 mg/m2 IV q21 | ORR: 0% mPFS: NA mOS: NA |
Muss et al. [65] | 11 | 1989 | Mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 IV q21 | ORR: 0% mPFS: 1.3 m mOS: 3.2 m |
Durrant et al. [50] | 11 | 1990 | Bleo 5 mg IM d1–5 + MTX 15 mg PO d1,4 + CCNU 40 mg PO d5–7 week 1 then Bleo 5 mg IM d1,4 + MTX 15 mg PO d1,4 weeks 2–5 | ORR: 60% mPFS: NA mOS: NA |
Wagenaar et al. [52] | 13 | 2001 | Week 1: Bleo 5 mg IM d1–5 + CCNU 40 mg PO d5–7 + MTX 10 mg PO d1,4 Weeks 2–6: Bleo 5 mg IM d1,4 + MTX 15 mg PO d1 | ORR: 54% mPFS: 4.8 m mOS: 7.8 m |
Cormio et al. [62] | 15 | 2009 | CisP 80 mg/m2 IV d1 + Vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 IV d1 and d8, q21 | ORR: 40% mPFS: 10 m mOS: 19 m |
Witteveen et al. [60] | 29 | 2009 | Tax 175 mg/m2 IV q3 weeks | ORR: 13.8% mPFS: 2.6 m mOS: 6.8 m |
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Mazzotta, M.; Pizzuti, L.; Krasniqi, E.; Di Lisa, F.S.; Cappuzzo, F.; Landi, L.; Sergi, D.; Pelle, F.; Cappelli, S.; Botti, C.; et al. Role of Chemotherapy in Vulvar Cancers: Time to Rethink Standard of Care? Cancers 2021, 13, 4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164061
Mazzotta M, Pizzuti L, Krasniqi E, Di Lisa FS, Cappuzzo F, Landi L, Sergi D, Pelle F, Cappelli S, Botti C, et al. Role of Chemotherapy in Vulvar Cancers: Time to Rethink Standard of Care? Cancers. 2021; 13(16):4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164061
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazzotta, Marco, Laura Pizzuti, Eriseld Krasniqi, Francesca Sofia Di Lisa, Federico Cappuzzo, Lorenza Landi, Domenico Sergi, Fabio Pelle, Sonia Cappelli, Claudio Botti, and et al. 2021. "Role of Chemotherapy in Vulvar Cancers: Time to Rethink Standard of Care?" Cancers 13, no. 16: 4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164061