Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis for Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol and Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Model Validation
2.2. Economic Analysis Results
Sensitivity Analysis
2.3. Environmental Assessment Results
2.4. Economic and Environmental Assessment Result: Comparison of Methanol Synthesis and Fischer–Tropsch Process Models
3. Process Description and Design
3.1. Assumptions
3.2. Methanol Synthesis
3.3. Fischer–Tropsch-Based Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuel Synthesis
4. Process Assessment Methodology
4.1. Cost Estimation
4.2. Environmental Assessment
5. Conclusions and Recommendation
- The development of advanced methods to lower the price of renewable H2, such as improving the high electricity demand of electrolysis.
- The innovation of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts which are stable, selective, and capable of working at lower pressure to insure economic feasibility.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
CAPEX | Capital Expenditure |
CO2-eq | Carbon dioxide equivalent |
CEPCI | Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index |
FT | Fischer–Tropsch |
GHSV | Gas hourly space velocity |
GWP | Global warming potential |
LCA | Life cycle assessment |
MeOH | Methanol |
M$ | Million USD |
NPV | Net positive value |
OPEX | Operating Expenditure |
PSA | Pressure swing adsorption |
PTG | Power to gas |
PTL | Power to liquid |
RWGS | Reversible water gas shift reaction |
SNG | Synthetic natural gas |
SRK | Redlich–Kwong–Soave |
UPC | Unit production cost |
yr | Year |
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CO2 Conversion (%) | Methanol Yield (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | [18] | This Work | [18] | This Work |
210 | 12.44 | 12.38 | 11.52 | 11.47 |
230 | 19.57 | 19.50 | 15.97 | 15.92 |
250 | 23.98 | 23.98 | 15.30 | 15.30 |
270 | 24.04 | 24.05 | 10.58 | 10.59 |
Parameters | FT Reactor Stream Outlet (This Work) | FT Reactor Stream Outlet [19] |
---|---|---|
Temperature | 320 °C | 320 °C |
Pressure | 20 bar | 20 bar |
Yield | 12.2% (liquid fuel) | 12.2% (liquid fuel) |
32.2% (high-calorie SNG) | 32.2% (high-calorie SNG) |
Scheme | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
% Reduction of H2 Cost | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 |
Reduced H2 Cost ($/kg) | 1.24 | 1.06 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 0.53 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Project lifetime | 20 years |
Operating hours per period (year) | 8000 |
Number of weeks per period (year) | 52 |
Income tax rate | 35% |
Discount rate | 8% |
Depreciation | Straight line |
Depreciation period | 20 |
Location | South Korea |
CO2 cost | $0.035/kg [7] |
H2 cost | $3.53/kg [7] |
Cooling water cost | $0.028/ton [2] |
Electricity cost | $0.063/kWh [9] |
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Atsbha, T.A.; Yoon, T.; Yoo, B.-H.; Lee, C.-J. Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis for Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol and Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuels. Catalysts 2021, 11, 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060687
Atsbha TA, Yoon T, Yoo B-H, Lee C-J. Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis for Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol and Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuels. Catalysts. 2021; 11(6):687. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060687
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtsbha, Tesfalem Aregawi, Taeksang Yoon, Byung-Hoon Yoo, and Chul-Jin Lee. 2021. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis for Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol and Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuels" Catalysts 11, no. 6: 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060687