Impact of Oxygen-Containing Groups on Pd/C in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetophenone and Phenylacetylene
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Catalyst Characterization
2.2. Mathematical Analysis of the Size Effect
2.3. Relationship between Oxygen-Containing Groups in Pd/C and the Hydrogenation Activity of Acetophenone and Phenylacetylene
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalyst Preparation
3.3. Catalyst Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Tests
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Reduction Temperature | Metal Dispersion | Active Particle Diameter (Hemisphere) | TEM Diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|
60 °C-H2-Pd/C | 60 °C | 20.2% | 5.5 nm | 3.2 nm |
500 °C-TPR-Pd/C | 500 °C | 9.7% | 12 nm | 7.0 nm |
800 °C-TPR-Pd/C | 800 °C | 3.6% | 31 nm | 22 nm |
Model | FCC, Regular Tetrahedron | FCC, Regular Octahedron | FCC, Cube | BCC, Cube | Regular Polyhedron |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | D | D | D | D | D → ∞ D = αd |
N | D(D + 1)(D + 2)/6 | (2D − 1)(2D)(2D + 1)/6 − 4(D − 1)D(D + 1)/6 | D[D2 + (D − 1)2] + (D − 1)[D(D − 1) + D(D − 1)] | D3 + (D − 1)3 | βD3 |
X(surface) | 3(D − 2)(D − 1)/2 + 1 | 7(D − 2)(D − 1)/2 + (2D − 1) | 5 × 2(D − 1)2 − (2D − 3) | 5(D − 1)2 − (2D − 3) | γD2 |
X(perimeter) | 3(D − 2) | 3(D − 2) | 4(D − 2) | 4(D − 2) | δD1 |
X(corner) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | εD0 |
ln k | ln (X/N) | ln (X/N) | ln (X/N) | ln (X/N) | k(surface) = γβ−1α−1d−1 k(perimeter) = δβ−1α−2d−2 k(corner) = εβ−1α−3d−3 |
Δ | D | D | + 1 | + 1 | |
d (nm) | 0.275 Δ | 0.275 Δ | 0.275 Δ | 0.275 Δ |
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You, P.; Wu, L.; Zhou, L.; Xu, Y.; Qin, R. Impact of Oxygen-Containing Groups on Pd/C in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetophenone and Phenylacetylene. Catalysts 2024, 14, 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080545
You P, Wu L, Zhou L, Xu Y, Qin R. Impact of Oxygen-Containing Groups on Pd/C in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetophenone and Phenylacetylene. Catalysts. 2024; 14(8):545. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080545
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Pengyao, Liming Wu, Lu Zhou, Yong Xu, and Ruixuan Qin. 2024. "Impact of Oxygen-Containing Groups on Pd/C in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetophenone and Phenylacetylene" Catalysts 14, no. 8: 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080545