Strategy in Synthesizing Longer-Chain Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides by Selective Dextran Macromolecular Cross-Linked Bacillus lehensis G1 Endolevanase Aggregate Immobilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization and Development of rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
2.2. Characterizations of rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
2.2.1. Optimum pH and pH Stability
2.2.2. Optimum Temperature and Thermal Stability
2.2.3. Kinetic Analysis
2.2.4. Effectiveness Factors of rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
2.2.5. Morphology and Particle Size Distribution
2.2.6. Functional Group Analysis
2.2.7. Reusability and Storage Stability
2.3. L-FOS Production
3. Methodology
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation and Optimization of Cross-Linked rlevblg1 Aggregates
3.3. Physiochemical Properties of Free rlevblg1 and rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
3.4. Characterization of the Biocatalytic Properties and Operational Stability of Free rlevblg1 and rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
3.4.1. Optimum Temperature and pH
3.4.2. Thermal and pH Stability
3.4.3. Kinetic Analysis of Free and Immobilized rlevblg1
3.4.4. Reusability and Storage Stability of rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
3.5. Evaluation of the Hydrolysis Reaction Efficiency of rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kinetic Parameter | Vmax (mM·min−1) | Km (mM) | kcat (s−1) | Catalytic Efficiency (kcat/Km) (mM−1 s−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Free rlevblg1 | 10.26 ± 0.1 | 14.80 ± 1.6 | 11.88 ± 0.1 | 0.81 ± 0.0 |
rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs | 8.38± 0.9 | 13.79 ± 2.7 | 9.70 ± 1.0 | 0.71 ± 0.2 |
Levan mg/mL | Free rlevblg1 Velocity (μmole/mg·min) | ƞ | rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs Velocity (μmole/mg·min) | ƞ |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.56 |
2 | 1.42 ± 0.41 | 1.00 | 1.14 ± 0.14 | 0.80 |
4 | 2.82 ± 0.24 | 1.00 | 2.05 ± 0.03 | 0.72 |
6 | 2.97 ± 0.06 | 1.00 | 2.47 ± 0.00 | 0.83 |
8 | 3.38 ± 0.37 | 1.00 | 2.98 ± 0.21 | 0.88 |
10 | 4.39 ± 0.32 | 1.00 | 3.85 ± 0.46 | 0.87 |
12 | 4.62 ± 0.18 | 1.00 | 4.44 ± 0.66 | 0.96 |
14 | 4.80 ± 0.19 | 1.00 | 4.17 ± 0.00 | 0.86 |
20 | 4.94± 0.36 | 1.00 | 4.29 ± 0.01 | 0.86 |
25 | 3.86 ± 1.02 | 1.00 | 3.18 ± 0.42 | 0.82 |
Time (h) | Fructose (mg/g) | DP2 (mg/g) | DP3 (mg/g) | DP5 (mg/g) | Total Reducing Sugar (mg/g) | Total L-FOS (mg/g) | Product Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 61.7 ± 26.2 | 21.9 ± 12.1 | 1284.2 ± 1.3 | 1367.9 | 1367.9 | 1.00 |
2 | 14.6 ± 8.6 | 249.1 ± 28.9 | 40.5 ± 15.0 | 1425.8 ± 15.3 | 1730.1 | 1715.5 | 0.99 |
3 | 16.9 ± 0.5 | 208.6 ± 1.2 | 167.8 ± 5.2 | 1519.7 ± 22.0 | 1913.1 | 1896.2 | 0.99 |
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Makki, H.H.; Jaafar, N.R.; Jailani, N.; Alqasem, A.A.; Rahmat, Z.; Illias, R.M. Strategy in Synthesizing Longer-Chain Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides by Selective Dextran Macromolecular Cross-Linked Bacillus lehensis G1 Endolevanase Aggregate Immobilization. Catalysts 2024, 14, 584. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090584
Makki HH, Jaafar NR, Jailani N, Alqasem AA, Rahmat Z, Illias RM. Strategy in Synthesizing Longer-Chain Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides by Selective Dextran Macromolecular Cross-Linked Bacillus lehensis G1 Endolevanase Aggregate Immobilization. Catalysts. 2024; 14(9):584. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090584
Chicago/Turabian StyleMakki, Hotaf Hassan, Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar, Nashriq Jailani, Abdullah A. Alqasem, Zaidah Rahmat, and Rosli Md. Illias. 2024. "Strategy in Synthesizing Longer-Chain Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides by Selective Dextran Macromolecular Cross-Linked Bacillus lehensis G1 Endolevanase Aggregate Immobilization" Catalysts 14, no. 9: 584. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090584