YCl3-Catalyzed Highly Selective Ring Opening of Epoxides by Amines at Room Temperature and under Solvent-Free Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. General Procedure
3.2. Spectroscopic Data
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. No. | Catalyst | Conversion (%) | 3aa:4aa Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | None | NR | - |
2 | YCl3 | 90 | 93:7 |
3 | ScCl3 | 82 | 92:8 |
4 a | YCl3 | 100 | 93:7 |
5 b | ScCl3 | 100 | 92:8 |
6 c | YCl3 | 100 | 93:7 |
7 d | YCl3 | 50 | 94:6 |
8 e | YCl3 | 87 | 94:6 |
9 f | ScCl3 | 88 | 93:7 |
10 | NbCl5 | 82 | 87:13 |
11 | ZrCl4 | 75 | 87:13 |
12 | ZnCl2 | traces | nd |
13 | Nb(OEt)5 | 85 | 82:18 |
Epoxide | Amine | Epoxide Conversion a and 3:4 Ratio b (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sr. | |||||
No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
1 | 1a | 2a | | | 100 93:7 |
2 | 1a | 2b | | | 100 >99:<1 |
3 | 1a | 2c | | | 100 98:2 |
4 | 1a | 2d | | | 13 50:50 |
5 | 1b | 2a | | | 100 19:81 |
6 | 1b | 2b | | | 70 <1:>99 |
7 | 1b | 2c | | | 100 2:98 |
8 | 1c | 2a | | | 100 70:30 |
9 | 1d | 2a | | 100 - | |
10 | 1a | 2e | | | 30 93:7 |
11 | 1e | 2a | | | 75 83:17 |
12 | 1e | 2f | | | 100 82:18 |
13 | 1f | 2a | | | 100 0/100 |
Sr. No. | Catalyst | Cat. Loading (mol %), Temperature (°C)/Time (h) | Conversion (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (Et4N)2[MnL2Cl] | 1 25/4 | 99 | [47] |
2 | [Co(L1)Cd(OH2)2(NO3)]·H2O | 1 r.t./4 | 98 | [48] |
3 | [(L2(H2))Zn(NO3)2] | 2 30/4 | 98 | [49] |
4 | Nano Fe3O4 | 10 r.t./20 | 83 | [50] |
5 | YCl3 | 1 25/3 | 100 | This work |
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Natongchai, W.; Khan, R.A.; Alsalme, A.; Shaikh, R.R. YCl3-Catalyzed Highly Selective Ring Opening of Epoxides by Amines at Room Temperature and under Solvent-Free Conditions. Catalysts 2017, 7, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7110340
Natongchai W, Khan RA, Alsalme A, Shaikh RR. YCl3-Catalyzed Highly Selective Ring Opening of Epoxides by Amines at Room Temperature and under Solvent-Free Conditions. Catalysts. 2017; 7(11):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7110340
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatongchai, Wuttichai, Rais Ahmad Khan, Ali Alsalme, and Rafik Rajjak Shaikh. 2017. "YCl3-Catalyzed Highly Selective Ring Opening of Epoxides by Amines at Room Temperature and under Solvent-Free Conditions" Catalysts 7, no. 11: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7110340