A Facile Synthesis of ZrOx-MnCO3/Graphene Oxide (GRO) Nanocomposites for the Oxidation of Alcohols using Molecular Oxygen under Base Free Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterizations
2.2. Catalytic Studies
2.2.1. Impact of GRO on the Catalytic Activity
2.2.2. Impact of Different Graphene Supports
2.2.3. Impact of Temperature
2.2.4. Influence of Catalyst Quantity
2.2.5. Catalyst Recovery
2.2.6. General Applicability
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation of GRO
3.2. Preparation of (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/GRO Nanocomposite
3.3. Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Tests
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Catalyst | Conversion (%) | Specific Activity (mmol·g−1·h−1) | Selectivity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GRO | 2.9 | 1.7 | >99 |
2 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3 | 74.4 | 42.5 | >99 |
3 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(1%)GRO | 100.0 | 57.1 | >99 |
4 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(3%)GRO | 96.1 | 55.0 | >99 |
5 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(5%)GRO | 84.7 | 48.4 | >99 |
6 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(7%)GRO | 68.1 | 38.9 | >99 |
Entry | Catalyst | Surface Area (m2/g) | Conversion (%) | Specific activity (mmol·g−1·h−1) | Selectivity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | HRG | 78.2 | 2.0 | 1.2 | >99 |
2 | GRO | 85.4 | 2.9 | 1.7 | >99 |
3 | MnCO3 | 70.5 | 42.6 | 24.3 | >99 |
4 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3 | 133.6 | 74.4 | 42.5 | >99 |
5 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(1%)HRG | 211.0 | 95.1 | 54.3 | >99 |
6 | (1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(1%)GRO | 229.5 | 100.0 | 57.1 | >99 |
Catalyst | Conversion (%) | Selectivity (%) | T. (°C) | Time (h) | Specific Activity (mmol/g·h) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(1%)GRO | 100 | >99 | 100 | 0.12 | 57.1 | Herein |
(1%)ZrOx–MnCO3/(1%)HRG | 95.1 | >99 | 100 | 0.12 | 54.3 | [52] |
0.3Sn-W/RGO | 94 | 94.3 | 80 | 3 | 15.7 | [50] |
Cu@rGO | >99 | 98.6 | 80 | 16 | 8.3 | [54] |
MnO2/GO (10/100) | 97 | 100 | 110 | 3 | 1.6 | [51] |
abGO | 93.1 | 100 | 100 | 30 | 0.16 | [55] |
Pd NPs/GO | 36 | 34.1 | 110 | 6 | 1.0 | [56] |
Cu(II)@AFGO | 92 | 99 | 70 | 3 | 2.0 | [57] |
GO-100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 5 | 1.1 | [58] |
GO/Fe3O4/HPW | 99 | 100 | 70 | 3 | 16.7 | [41] |
Au NPs/RGO | 65 | 93 | 100 | 8 | 5.4 | [53] |
(NH4)5H5[H2(WO4)6/GO | 91 | – | 70 | 11 | 2.8 | [59] |
Ag2O–MnO2/HRG | 100 | >99 | 100 | 0.6 | 11.4 | [60] |
NGO | 96 | – | 80 | 12 | 3.8 | [61] |
Ag NPs/GO | 33 | 55 | 80 | 24 | 2.8 | [62] |
Ti(SO4)2/GOF | 91.5 | 98.8 | Reflux | 4 | 38.09 | [63] |
GO–N–PW | 76 | 99 | 100 | 6 | 10.6 | [64] |
Entry | Reactant | Product | Time (min) | Conversion (%) | Selectivity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7 | 100 | >99 | ||
2 | 7 | 100 | >99 | ||
3 | 8 | 100 | >99 | ||
4 | 8 | 100 | >99 | ||
5 | 9 | 100 | >99 | ||
6 | 9 | 100 | >99 | ||
7 | 10 | 100 | >99 | ||
8 | 10 | 100 | >99 | ||
9 | 11 | 100 | >99 | ||
10 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
11 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
12 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
13 | 13 | 100 | >99 | ||
14 | 14 | 100 | >99 | ||
15 | 13 | 100 | >99 | ||
16 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
17 | 15 | 100 | >99 | ||
18 | 19 | 100 | >99 | ||
19 | 18 | 100 | >99 | ||
20 | 22 | 100 | >99 | ||
21 | 15 | 100 | >99 | ||
22 | 24 | 100 | >99 | ||
23 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
24 | 22 | 100 | >99 | ||
25 | 6 | 100 | >99 | ||
26 | 8 | 100 | >99 | ||
27 | 8 | 100 | >99 | ||
28 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
29 | 12 | 100 | >99 | ||
30 | 15 | 100 | >99 | ||
31 | 25 | 100 | >99 | ||
32 | 95 | 100 | >99 | ||
33 | 100 | 100 | >99 | ||
34 | 110 | 100 | >99 | ||
35 | 30 | 100 | >99 | ||
36 | 90 | 100 | >99 | ||
37 | 100 | 100 | >99 |
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Adil, S.F.; Assal, M.E.; Shaik, M.R.; Kuniyil, M.; AlOtaibi, N.M.; Khan, M.; Sharif, M.; Alam, M.M.; Al-Warthan, A.; Mohammed, J.A.; et al. A Facile Synthesis of ZrOx-MnCO3/Graphene Oxide (GRO) Nanocomposites for the Oxidation of Alcohols using Molecular Oxygen under Base Free Conditions. Catalysts 2019, 9, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090759
Adil SF, Assal ME, Shaik MR, Kuniyil M, AlOtaibi NM, Khan M, Sharif M, Alam MM, Al-Warthan A, Mohammed JA, et al. A Facile Synthesis of ZrOx-MnCO3/Graphene Oxide (GRO) Nanocomposites for the Oxidation of Alcohols using Molecular Oxygen under Base Free Conditions. Catalysts. 2019; 9(9):759. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090759
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdil, Syed Farooq, Mohamed E. Assal, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mufsir Kuniyil, Nawaf M. AlOtaibi, Mujeeb Khan, Muhammad Sharif, M. Mujahid Alam, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan, Jabair Ali Mohammed, and et al. 2019. "A Facile Synthesis of ZrOx-MnCO3/Graphene Oxide (GRO) Nanocomposites for the Oxidation of Alcohols using Molecular Oxygen under Base Free Conditions" Catalysts 9, no. 9: 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090759