Nanostructured Iron Oxides: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Adsorption Characteristics for Cleaning Industrial Effluents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Iron Oxides
2.2. Fundamental Techniques Used in Characterizations
3. Result and Discussions
3.1. Crystalline Confirmations: XRD Study
3.2. Optical Absorbance Study (UV-Vis Spectra)
3.3. Functional Group Confirmations: FTIR Analysis
3.4. Morphological Studies: HRTEM Investigation
3.5. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Study of Iron Oxides NPs
4. Remediation of Industrial Effluents
4.1. Removal of Heavy Metals Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
4.2. Chromium (Cr) Removal
4.3. Cadmium (Cd) Removal
4.4. Elimination of Copper (Cu)
4.5. Nickel (Ni) Removal
4.6. Zn Elimination Study
4.7. Lead (Pb) Removal
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | S-1 | S-2 | S-3 | S-4 | S-5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conc. | Conc. | Conc. | Conc. | Conc. | |
Cr | 0.423 | 0.311 | 0.287 | 0.316 | 0.117 |
Ni | 0.013 | 0.020 | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.039 |
Cd | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Cu | 0.05 | 0.032 | 0.652 | 0.083 | 0.054 |
Pb | 0.013 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.063 | 0.005 |
Zn | 1.670 | 1.34 | 0.096 | 0.87 | 0.56 |
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Rajendran, S.; Wanale, S.G.; Gacem, A.; Yadav, V.K.; Ahmed, I.A.; Algethami, J.S.; Kakodiya, S.D.; Modi, T.; Alsuhaibani, A.M.; Yadav, K.K.; et al. Nanostructured Iron Oxides: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Adsorption Characteristics for Cleaning Industrial Effluents. Crystals 2023, 13, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030472
Rajendran S, Wanale SG, Gacem A, Yadav VK, Ahmed IA, Algethami JS, Kakodiya SD, Modi T, Alsuhaibani AM, Yadav KK, et al. Nanostructured Iron Oxides: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Adsorption Characteristics for Cleaning Industrial Effluents. Crystals. 2023; 13(3):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030472
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajendran, Suriyaprabha, Shivraj Gangadhar Wanale, Amel Gacem, Virendra Kumar Yadav, Inas A. Ahmed, Jari S. Algethami, Shakti Devi Kakodiya, Timsi Modi, Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Krishna Kumar Yadav, and et al. 2023. "Nanostructured Iron Oxides: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Adsorption Characteristics for Cleaning Industrial Effluents" Crystals 13, no. 3: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030472