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Article

Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activity

by
Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
1,
Mohamed A. Al-Omar
1,
Ahmed M. Naglah
1,*,
Mashooq A. Bhat
2,
Fhdah S. Alanazi
2,
Fatimah A. Alotaibi
3,
Moamen S. Refat
4 and
Abdel Majid A. Adam
4
1
Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2023, 13(7), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071012
Submission received: 1 June 2023 / Revised: 21 June 2023 / Accepted: 23 June 2023 / Published: 25 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Crystalline Materials)
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Abstract

The chemical reaction between quinolone antibiotic oxolinic acid (OA) and Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) ions results in the formation of metal-based complexes with the following formulas: [Fe(OA)(H2O)2Cl2]·2H2O, [Zn(OA)(H2O)Cl]·2H2O, [Ca(OA)(H2O)Cl], and [Mg(OA)(H2O)Cl]. We used analytical (C, N, H, Cl, metal analysis) and spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible) data to structurally characterize the synthesized metal-based complexes of the OA molecule. We found that the OA molecule utilizes the two oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group and the pyridone C=O group to bind the investigated metal ions. The morphological properties of the synthesized OA complexes were assessed using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological properties, specifically antibacterial and antifungal activity, of the synthesized complexes were evaluated in vitro using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion protocol with five bacterial and three fungal strains. The complex containing Ca(II) ions exhibited remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested microbial strains, surpassing or equaling the potency of the standard drugs (streptomycin for antibacterial assays and ketoconazole for antifungal assays).
Keywords: oxolinic acid; metal-based complex; spectroscopy; microscopic characterization; antimicrobial activity oxolinic acid; metal-based complex; spectroscopy; microscopic characterization; antimicrobial activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Almehizia, A.A.; Al-Omar, M.A.; Naglah, A.M.; Bhat, M.A.; Alanazi, F.S.; Alotaibi, F.A.; Refat, M.S.; Adam, A.M.A. Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activity. Crystals 2023, 13, 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071012

AMA Style

Almehizia AA, Al-Omar MA, Naglah AM, Bhat MA, Alanazi FS, Alotaibi FA, Refat MS, Adam AMA. Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activity. Crystals. 2023; 13(7):1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071012

Chicago/Turabian Style

Almehizia, Abdulrahman A., Mohamed A. Al-Omar, Ahmed M. Naglah, Mashooq A. Bhat, Fhdah S. Alanazi, Fatimah A. Alotaibi, Moamen S. Refat, and Abdel Majid A. Adam. 2023. "Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activity" Crystals 13, no. 7: 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071012

APA Style

Almehizia, A. A., Al-Omar, M. A., Naglah, A. M., Bhat, M. A., Alanazi, F. S., Alotaibi, F. A., Refat, M. S., & Adam, A. M. A. (2023). Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activity. Crystals, 13(7), 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071012

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