Processes and Properties of Self-Lubricating Coatings Fabricated on Light Alloys by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Three Approaches to Form Self-Lubricating Coatings through MAO
2.1. In Situ Synthesis of Lubricating Phase
2.2. In Situ Incorporation of Lubricating Phase
2.3. Two-Step Process: MAO and Post-Treatment
3. Summary and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substrate | Particle | COF | Wear Rate | Ref. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Size | Concentration | Matrix | MAO Coating | Composite Self-Lubricating Coating | MAO Coating | Composite Self-Lubricating Coating | ||
TC4 | MoS2 | 0.5–1.0 μm | 20 g/L | - | 0.8 | 0.12 | 1.7 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | 5.5 × 10−6 mm3/N/m | [53] |
TC4 | 500 nm | 4 g/L | 0.58 | 0.71–0.74 | 0.48–0.54 | 6.9–9.3 × 10−4 mm3/N/m | 0.96 × 10−4 mm3/N/m | [54] | |
6063 | - | 6 g/L | - | - | 0.49 | 9–11.46 × 10−7 mm3/N/mm | 1.09–1.23 × 10−7 mm3/N/mm | [82] | |
TA15 | PTFE | 100–200 nm | - | - | 0.4–0.5 | 0.15–0.2 | - | - | [83] |
AZ80 | 200–300 nm | 10 g/L | 0.8 | - | 0.3 | - | - | [84] | |
AZ91 | 180–240 nm | 20 g/L | - | 0.64 | 0.08 | - | - | [85] | |
2024 | 484 nm | - | - | 0.64 | 0.14 | 8.21 × 10−7 mm3/N/m | 7.80 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | [86] | |
AZ31 | Graphite | 10–70 μm | 0–25 g/L | 0.1–0.2 | 0.12–0.18 | 0.06–0.32 | - | - | [87] |
Pure-Al | 0.7 μm | 10 g/L | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.58 | - | - | [23] | |
6061 | 0.5–6 μm | 0.4 g/L | - | 0.12–0.6 | 0.06–0.12 | - | - | [88] | |
TC4 | Graphene | 10–20 μm | 0–6 g/L | 0.71 | 0.46 | 0.22–0.31 | - | - | [89] |
Mg-Li | 0.5 μm | 0.1 g/L | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.11 | - | - | [90] | |
2A12 | GO | 2 μm | 2 g/L | - | 0.6–0.65 | 0.3–0.34 | - | - | [91] |
Mg-Li | - | 10 mL/L | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.12 | - | - | [92] | |
6061 | CNT | - | 2 g/L | - | 0.68 | 0.14 | - | - | [93] |
AZ80 | - | 0–4 g/L | 0.73 | 0.45 | 0.25–0.4 | 2.72 × 103 mm3/N/m | 1.95 × 103 mm3/N/m | [94] | |
2024 | h-BN | 1 μm | 0–10 g/L | - | 0.6 | 0.4–0.6 | 1.29 × 10−3 mm3/N/m | 4.3 × 10−4 mm3/N/m | [59] |
TC4 | 1–2 μm | 2 g/L, 8 g/L | - | 0.8 | 0.4 | - | - | [95] | |
2A12 | WS2 | 2 μm | 2 g/L | - | - | 0.4 | - | - | [91] |
TC4 | Al2O3 | 10 nm | 0–15 g/L | - | 0.65 | 0.2–0.65 | 9.37 × 10−4 g/N/m | 6.19 × 10−4 g/N/m | [96] |
AZ31B | WC | 80 nm | 5 g/L | - | - | 0.14 | - | - | [97] |
TC4 | h-BN, CNT | - | 20 g/L, 1 g/L | - | 0.91 | 0.11 | - | - | [98] |
Post-Treatment | Substrate | Particle | COF | Wear Rate | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Size | Concentration | MAO Coating | Composite Self-Lubricating Coating | MAO Coating | Composite Self-Lubricating Coating | |||
IS | Pure-Ti | PTFE | - | - | 0.5–0.65 | 0.1 | 7.02 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | 1.34 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | [99] |
VI | 2024 | - | - | 0.68–0.8 | 0.11 | - | - | [100] | |
160–280 nm | - | 0.7 | 0.091–0.14 | 1.45 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | 5.1 × 10−6 mm3/N/m | [72] | |||
HT | TC6 | MoSe2 | - | - | 0.79 | 0.52 | 1.3 × 10−3 mm3/N/m | 1 × 10−3 mm3/N/m | [101] |
AZ91 | Graphite | 5–10 μm | 5 g/L | 0.3–0.34 | 0.15–0.22 | - | - | [102] | |
HT and VI | Pure-Ti | MoS2 | - | - | 0.47–0.6 | 0.1–0.2 | - | - | [105] |
6063 | - | - | 0.35 | 0.2–0.3 | 3.7–8.15 × 10−7 mm3/N/mm | 1.39–2.66 × 10−7 mm3/N/mm | [106] | ||
6063 | - | - | - | 0.22 | - | 2.94–3.82 × 10−7 mm3/N/m | [107] | ||
EPD | AL109 | MoS2 | 40 nm | 10 g/L | - | 0.45 | - | - | [103] |
Grinding and polishing | TC4 | MoS2 | 40 nm | - | 0.8 | 0.18 | - | - | [108] |
Spin coating | ZL109 | WS2 | 2 μm | - | 0.8 | 0.4 | - | - | [109] |
PECVD | 2A12 | HMDSO | - | - | 0.375 | 0.25 | 3.57 × 10−5 mm3/N/m | 2.04 × 10−6 mm3/N/m | [110] |
Sintering | TC4 | AND | - | - | 0.16–0.6 | 0.3 | - | - | [111] |
MS | TA2 | DLC | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | [104] |
Selective spraying | AE44 | PTFE | 120 nm | - | 1.2 | 0.2 | - | - | [112] |
Heart treatment | LY12 | PTFE | 100–170 nm | - | 0.25 | 0.13 | - | - | [113] |
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Li, R.; He, X.; Li, C.; Zhang, R.; Meng, F.; Zhang, H.; Cui, X.; Nong, Z. Processes and Properties of Self-Lubricating Coatings Fabricated on Light Alloys by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review. Crystals 2024, 14, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100845
Li R, He X, Li C, Zhang R, Meng F, Zhang H, Cui X, Nong Z. Processes and Properties of Self-Lubricating Coatings Fabricated on Light Alloys by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review. Crystals. 2024; 14(10):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100845
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Rui, Xingyu He, Chenyu Li, Ruimeng Zhang, Fei Meng, Hongliang Zhang, Xue Cui, and Zhisheng Nong. 2024. "Processes and Properties of Self-Lubricating Coatings Fabricated on Light Alloys by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review" Crystals 14, no. 10: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100845