Isolation of the Flavonoid from Bamboo Residues and Its Application as Metal Ion Sensor in Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Ultrasonic-Assisted Ethanol Extraction (UAEE)
2.3. Separation and Purification of Flavonoids from Extraction Solution
2.4. Determination of Total Flavonoids Content in the Extraction Solution
2.5. The Component Analysis of Bamboo Residue Flavonoids (BRF) by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
2.6. Fluorescence of BRF Solution
2.6.1. Fluorescence Emission Spectra under Various Excitation Wavelengths and Temperatures
2.6.2. Selective Detection of Different Metal Ions
2.6.3. Detection of Fe3+
2.6.4. Interference of Other Metal Cations on Fe3+ Detection
2.7. Cell Viability Evaluation of BRF
2.8. Intracellular Determination of Fe3+ by BRF
2.9. Free-Radical Scavenging Activity Assay
2.10. Antioxidant Activity of BRF on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation in In Vitro L02 Cell and in In Vivo Zebrafish
2.10.1. In Vitro L02 Cell
2.10.2. In Vivo Zebrafish
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of UAEE Process for Total Flavonoids Extraction from Bamboo Residues
3.2. The Component Analysis of BRF by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
3.3. Optical Properties of BRF
3.4. Fluorescence Sensing of BRF Solution to Fe3+ Ions
3.4.1. Selectivity over Various Metal Ions
3.4.2. Detection and Quantification Limit of Fe3+ Ions
3.4.3. Interference of Other Metal Ions on Fe3+ Detection
3.5. Biocompatibility Evaluation of BRF
3.6. Intracellular Determination of Fe3+ by BRF
3.7. Antioxidant Activity of BRF
3.8. The Antioxidant Effect of BRF on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced ROS Generation in Vitro L02 Cell and in Vivo Zebrafish
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Factor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Solid to Liquid Ratio (A) | Ethanol Concentration (B) | Time (C) | Temperature (D) | |
(g/mL) | (%) | (min) | (°C) | |
1 | 1:25 | 50 | 180 | 70 |
2 | 1:30 | 60 | 240 | 80 |
3 | 1:35 | 70 | 300 | 90 |
Number | A | B | C | D | Total Flavonoids Yield mg/100g Bamboo Residues |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84.246 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 74.504 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 96.370 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 100.942 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 68.024 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 64.221 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 76.855 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 76.016 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 74.413 |
k1 | 85.040 | 87.348 | 74.828 | 75.561 | |
k2 | 77.729 | 72.848 | 83.286 | 71.860 | |
k3 | 75.761 | 78.334 | 80.417 | 91.109 | |
R | 9.278 | 14.500 | 8.459 | 19.249 |
Factor | SS a | Df b | MS c | F d | P e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 286.814 | 2 | 143.407 | 1.061 | >0.05 |
B | 321.580 | 2 | 321.580 | 2.739 | >0.05 |
C | 111.026 | 2 | 111.026 | 0.736 | >0.05 |
D | 625.993 | 2 | 625.993 | 8.150 | <0.05 |
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Su, Y.; Dong, H.; Li, M.; Lai, C.; Huang, C.; Yong, Q. Isolation of the Flavonoid from Bamboo Residues and Its Application as Metal Ion Sensor in Vitro. Polymers 2019, 11, 1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091377
Su Y, Dong H, Li M, Lai C, Huang C, Yong Q. Isolation of the Flavonoid from Bamboo Residues and Its Application as Metal Ion Sensor in Vitro. Polymers. 2019; 11(9):1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091377
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Yan, Huiling Dong, Min Li, Chenhuan Lai, Caoxing Huang, and Qiang Yong. 2019. "Isolation of the Flavonoid from Bamboo Residues and Its Application as Metal Ion Sensor in Vitro" Polymers 11, no. 9: 1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091377