Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bioactive Compound Extraction from Tomato By-Products
2.2.1. Tomato Pigments Extracted by Ultrasound
2.2.2. HPLC Analysis of Carotenoid Pigments
2.3. PVOH-Based Biofilm Preparation
2.4. Flow Behavior Measurements of Biofilm Solution
2.5. Characterization of the Solid Biofilms
2.5.1. Physical Measurements
2.5.2. Biofilms FTIR Analysis
2.5.3. Biofilms UV–Vis Analysis
2.5.4. Biofilms Mechanical Properties
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Carotenoid Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products
3.2. Flow Behavior of the PVOH-Based Biofilm Solutions
3.3. Solid Biofilm Characterization
3.3.1. Physical Appearance and Measurements
3.3.2. FTIR Analysis
3.3.3. UV–Vis Analysis
3.3.4. Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak No. | Compound | Rt (min) | λmax (nm) | Q (mg/100 DW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lutein | 6.41 | 448, 474 | 1.498 ± 0.06 |
2 | Lycopene | 13.42 | 446, 473 | 0.135 ± 0.01 |
3 | β-carotene | 14.51 | 455, 480 | 1.605 ± 0.05 |
PVOH Formulations | Moisture Content (%) |
---|---|
PVOH | 3.75 ± 0.00 |
PVOH+Gly | 26.91 ± 0.04 |
PVOH+PDO | 5.59 ± 0.01 |
PVOH+BDO | 8.04 ± 0.03 |
PVOH+TP | 3.73 ± 0.00 |
PVOH+Gly+TP | 11.12 ± 0.01 |
PVOH+PDO+TP | 4.76 ± 0.01 |
PVOH+BDO+TP | 6.44 ± 0.02 |
Polymeric Films | Transparency (nm/mm) |
---|---|
PVOH | 0.13 ± 0.02 e |
PVOH+Gly | 1.10 ± 0.04 c,d |
PVOH+PDO | 0.76 ± 0.04 d,e |
PVOH+BDO | 1.62 ± 0.05 c |
PVOH+TP | 0.16 ± 0.01 e |
PVOH+Gly+TP | 2.61 ± 0.08 b |
PVOH+PDO+TP | 3.70 ± 0.11 a |
PVOH+BDO+TP | 4.05 ± 0.23 a |
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Mitrea, L.; Călinoiu, L.-F.; Martău, G.-A.; Szabo, K.; Teleky, B.-E.; Mureșan, V.; Rusu, A.-V.; Socol, C.-T.; Vodnar, D.-C. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products. Polymers 2020, 12, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030532
Mitrea L, Călinoiu L-F, Martău G-A, Szabo K, Teleky B-E, Mureșan V, Rusu A-V, Socol C-T, Vodnar D-C. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products. Polymers. 2020; 12(3):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030532
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitrea, Laura, Lavinia-Florina Călinoiu, Gheorghe-Adrian Martău, Katalin Szabo, Bernadette-Emoke Teleky, Vlad Mureșan, Alexandru-Vasile Rusu, Claudia-Terezia Socol, and Dan-Cristian Vodnar. 2020. "Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products" Polymers 12, no. 3: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030532