Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis
2.1.1. Synthesis of Nano Sulfated Zirconia (SO4ZrO2)
2.1.2. Preparation of SPVA/IC/SO4ZrO2 Membranes
2.2. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of SO4ZrO2 and Nanocomposite Membranes
3.2. Thermal and Mechanical Analysis
3.3. Oxidative Stability
3.4. Ionic Conductivity, IEC, and Borohydride Crossover
3.5. Fuel Cell Performance
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gouda, M.H.; Elessawy, N.A.; Al-Hussain, S.A.; Toghan, A. Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells. Polymers 2021, 13, 4205. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234205
Gouda MH, Elessawy NA, Al-Hussain SA, Toghan A. Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells. Polymers. 2021; 13(23):4205. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234205
Chicago/Turabian StyleGouda, Marwa H., Noha A. Elessawy, Sami A. Al-Hussain, and Arafat Toghan. 2021. "Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells" Polymers 13, no. 23: 4205. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234205