Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Preparation of Macroporous Polymer Monolithic Layers
2.1. Modification of Supporting Surface
2.2. Fabrication of a Mold for Polymerization
2.3. Polymerization and Post-Modification of Rigid Macroporous Polymer Layers
2.3.1. Monomers
2.3.2. Initiators
2.3.3. Porogens
2.3.4. Polymer Post-Modifications
2.4. PolyHIPE Monolithic Layers
3. Application in Thin-Layer Chromatography
3.1. Separation of Low-Molecular Compounds
3.2. Separation of Peptides and Proteins
3.3. Separation of Synthetic Polymers
3.4. 2-D TLC
4. Application in Microarray
4.1. Protein Microarray
4.2. DNA Microarray
4.3. Detection of Virus-Mimicking Particles and Viruses
4.4. Determination of Enzyme Activity on a Chip
4.5. Molecularly Imprinted Microarray
5. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Supporting Surface and Its Treatment | Monomers | Porogens | Initiator and Conditions of Polymerization | Polymerization Approach and Technical Implementation | Modification/ Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.6 × 2.6 cm glass slide; silanization with TMSPMA | BMA and EDMA | 1-decanol,cyclohexanol | 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization (254 nm), 15 min | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymer thickness was varied from 50–200 µm | TLC separation of peptides and proteins with MALDI-TOF-MS detection | [41] |
12.0 × 3.3 cm glass plate; silanization with TMSPMA | GMA and EDMA | 1-decanol,cyclohexanol | 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization (254 nm), 15 min | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymer thickness was 50 µm | Photografted with LMA and PEGMA; 2-D TLC separation of peptides with MALDI-TOF-MS detection | [56] |
12.0 × 3.3 cm glass plate; silanization with TMSPMA | BMA and EDMA | 1-decanol, cyclohexanol | 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization (254 nm), 15 min | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymer thickness was 50 µm. | Photografted with AMMPSA and EDMA; 2-D TLC separation of peptides with DESI-MS detection; ElectroTLC separation of peptides. | [50,62] |
12.0 × 3.3 cm glass plate; silanization with TMSPMA | BMA and EDMA; HEMA and EDMA; ST and DVB | 1-decanol/ 1-dodecanol cyclohexanol | (a) 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization (254 nm), 15 min; (b) AIBN; 70 °C, 24 h | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymer thickness was 50 µm | Photografted with PFPMA | [55] |
6.0 × 3.3 cm glass plate; silanization with TMSPMA | MST, CHMST and DVB | toluene, 1-dodecanol | AIBN; 70 °C, 20 h | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymer thickness was 50 µm | After polymerization the hyper-crosslinking reaction was carried out in 1,2-dichloroethane in a beaker for 2 h; TLC separation of peptides with MALDI-TOF-MS. | [57] |
N/A | GMA and EDMA; BMA and EDMA | 1,4-butandiol,cyclohexanol | 2-methoxy-2phenylacetophenine; 2-methyl-propiophenone; UV- polymerization (254 nm), 30–50 min | Free radical polymerization in a mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. Polymerization of two monomer mixtures through the mask separately; Polymer thickness was 200 µm | Hydrolysis of poly(GMA-co-EDMA) area; 2-D TLC separation of dyes with SERS-detection | [51] |
N/A | GMA and EDMA | 1-decanol, cyclohexanol | 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization | N/A | Functionalized via a “thiol-ene” click reaction with mixture of 10-undecylenic acid and LMA. | [63] |
7.5 × 2.5 cm glass slide; silanization with TMSPMA | GMA and EDMA; BMA and EDMA; AEMA, HEMA and EDMA; CEMA, HEMA and EDMA | 1-decanol, cyclohexanol,1,4-butandiol,NMP, DMF, PEG-200 | 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; UV-polymerization (wide spectrum), 20–30 min | Free radical polymerization in a well 6 × 2 cm covered with quartz cap. Operating wells were prepared by glass etching with 11 M HF for 30 min. Polymer thickness was 200 µm | TLC separation of dyes, DNP-amino acids and synthetic polymers. | [52] |
Glass slide | ST, BA and DVB | 1 wt% CaCl2 aqueous solution | benzoyl peroxide; 70 °C, 8 h | High internal phase emulsion polymerization in mold formed on the surface of glass slide. | TLC separation of components of Chinese herbs | [48] |
6.6 × 3.3 cm glass plate; silanization with TMSPMA | GMA and EDMA | 1-decanol, cyclohexanol | 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; UV-polymerization (365 nm), 15 min | Free radical polymerization in mold consisting of two glass plates clamped together and separated with Teflon strips. | Surface modification with gold nanoparticles; SERS-detection of bacteria. | [64] |
7.5 × 2.5 cm glass slide; silanization with TMSPMA | GMA and EDMA | cyclohexanol | 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; UV-polymerization (wide spectrum), 20 min | Free radical polymerization in a well 6.0 × 1.8 cm covered with quartz cap. Operating wells were prepared by glass etching with 11 M HF for 30 min. Polymer thickness was 200 µm. | Analysis of virus-mimicking particles and DNA in microarray format. | [42,65] |
7.5 × 2.5 cm glass slide; silanization with TMSPMA | HEMA and GDMA | polystyrene in toluene, 1-decanol, cyclohexanol | benzophenone, benzoin methyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; UV-polymerization (wide spectrum) | Free radical polymerization in a well 6.0 × 2.0 cm covered with quartz cap. Operating wells were prepared by glass etching with 11 M HF for 30 min. Polymer thickness was 200 µm | Different protein immobilization techniques; analysis of proteins in microarray format. | [66] |
7.5 × 2.5 cm glass slide; silanization with TMSPMA | GMA and GDMA; CEMA and GDMA; CEMA, HEMA and EDMA; HPIEAA, GMA and EDMA; GMA and DEGDMA | 1-decanol, toluene, heptane, cyclohexanol,PEG-200-600 | 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; UV-polymerization (wide spectrum), 20–30 min | Free radical polymerization in a well 6.0 × 2.0 cm covered with quartz cap. Operating wells were prepared by glass etching with 11 M HF for 30 min. Polymer thickness was 200 µm | Analysis of DNA, proteins, virus-mimicking particles in microarray format. | [54,55,61, 65, 66, 67] |
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Korzhikova-Vlakh, E.; Antipchik, M.; Tennikova, T. Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format. Polymers 2021, 13, 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071059
Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Antipchik M, Tennikova T. Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format. Polymers. 2021; 13(7):1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071059
Chicago/Turabian StyleKorzhikova-Vlakh, Evgenia, Mariia Antipchik, and Tatiana Tennikova. 2021. "Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format" Polymers 13, no. 7: 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071059