Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Polyphosphazene-Based Micro- and Nano-Materials and Their Application as Flame Retardants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Micro/Nanoscale PZSs
2.2.1. Preparation of PZS Nanotubes (PZS_NT)
2.2.2. Preparation of PZS Microspheres (PZS_SP)
2.2.3. Preparation of PZS Capsicum-like Nanotubes (PZS_CLNT)
2.2.4. Preparation of PZS Branched Nanotubes (PZS_BNT)
2.3. Preparation of PET/PZS Composites
2.4. Characterization Techniques
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of PZSs
3.2. Thermal Stability Analysis
3.3. Analysis of Flame Retardancy and Burning Behavior
3.4. Pyrolysis Products Analysis
3.5. Condensed and Gas Phase Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | T5 (°C) | Tmax (°C) | Char Residue at 800 °C (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|
PET | 395 | 433 | 9.5 |
PET/PZS_SP | 366 | 416 | 20.8 |
PET/PZS_NT | 390 | 438 | 13.8 |
PET/PZS_CLNT | 372 | 432 | 21.5 |
PET/PZS_BNT | 370 | 432 | 15.4 |
Samples | LOI (vol%) | UL-94 | PHRR (kW/m2) | THR (MJ/m2) | TSP (m2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rating | Dripping | |||||
PET | 25.2 | V-2 | Severe | 715.94 | 120.3 | 15.9 |
PET/PZS_SP | 33.1 | V-0 | Slow | 530.74 | 93.0 | 11.7 |
PET/PZS_NT | 32.5 | V-0 | Slow | 525.68 | 101.3 | 12.7 |
PET/PZS_CLNT | 34.4 | V-0 | Slow | 506.28 | 90.5 | 11.9 |
PET/PZS_BNT | 32.8 | V-0 | Slow | 504.22 | 96.3 | 12.4 |
Peak No. | Main Products | Pure PET | PET/PZS_SP | PET/PZS_BNT | PET/PZS_CLNT | PET/PZS_NT | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (min) | Intensity (%) | Time (min) | Intensity (%) | Time (min) | Intensity (%) | Time (min) | Intensity (%) | Time (min) | Intensity (%) | ||
1 | CO2 | 1.772 | 5.27 | 1.733 | 18.06 | 1.734 | 12.09 | 1.724 | 16.38 | 1.743 | 13.89 |
2 | CH3CHO | 1.866 | 1.61 | 1.807 | 18.77 | 1.817 | 12.16 | 1.807 | 16.51 | 1.831 | 8.05 |
3 | C6H6 | 3.365 | 1.78 | 3.1 | 12.71 | 3.098 | 6.3 | 3.174 | 5.09 | 3.193 | 6.45 |
6 | | 11.068 | 2.6 | 10.676 | 8.38 | 10.746 | 4.5 | 10.825 | 5.32 | 10.946 | 5.31 |
9 | C6H5COOH | 13.263 | 28.36 | 12.021 | 21.45 | 12.463 | 43.16 | 12.248 | 36.11 | 12.253 | 37.92 |
11 | C6H5CHCHCOOCHCH2 | 13.711 | 1.65 | 13.227 | 1.41 | 13.245 | 0.82 | 13.222 | 0.82 | 13.257 | 0.88 |
12 | C6H5-C6H5 | 13.881 | 3.98 | 13.345 | 7.74 | 13.364 | 5.26 | 13.349 | 4.76 | 13.385 | 4.95 |
13 | C6H5(COOCHCH2)2 | 15.628 | 5.17 | 15.079 | 5.96 | 14.977 | 3.39 | 15.036 | 4.24 | 15.081 | 6.56 |
19 | C15H12O3 | 18.427 | 0.93 | 17.939 | 0.81 | 17.87 | 0.64 | 17.745 | 1.37 | 17.786 | 2.03 |
31 | | 25.255 | 3.51 | 23.558 | 1.16 | 23.602 | 1.69 | 23.539 | 3.07 | 23.544 | 5.95 |
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Zhu, Y.; Wu, W.; Xu, T.; Xu, H.; Zhong, Y.; Zhang, L.; Ma, Y.; Sui, X.; Wang, B.; Feng, X.; et al. Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Polyphosphazene-Based Micro- and Nano-Materials and Their Application as Flame Retardants. Polymers 2022, 14, 2072. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14102072
Zhu Y, Wu W, Xu T, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Ma Y, Sui X, Wang B, Feng X, et al. Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Polyphosphazene-Based Micro- and Nano-Materials and Their Application as Flame Retardants. Polymers. 2022; 14(10):2072. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14102072
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Yuanzhao, Wei Wu, Tong Xu, Hong Xu, Yi Zhong, Linping Zhang, Yimeng Ma, Xiaofeng Sui, Bijia Wang, Xueling Feng, and et al. 2022. "Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Polyphosphazene-Based Micro- and Nano-Materials and Their Application as Flame Retardants" Polymers 14, no. 10: 2072. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14102072