Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Part
2.1. Requirements and Materials
2.2. Medical Masks and Multilayer Textiles
2.3. Overview of Research in the Field of Medical Textiles
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Presentation of the Materials Analysed
3.2. Fibre Diameter
3.3. Thickness
3.4. Mass
3.5. Composition of the Raw Material
3.6. Image of Materials Used on SEM Microscope
3.7. Tensile Properties
3.8. Water Vapour Permeability
3.9. Air Permeability
3.10. Porosity
3.11. Thermal Conductivity
3.12. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Fibre Diameter
4.2. Thickness and Mass
4.3. Display of Used Materials on SEM Microscope
4.4. Breaking Stress and Extension
4.5. Water Vapour Permeability and Air Permeability
4.6. Porosity
4.7. Thermal Conductivity
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. The Discussion of Fibre Diameter Results
5.2. The Discussion of Thickness and Mass Results
5.3. The Discussion of Breaking Stress and Extension Results
5.4. The Discussion of Water Vapour Permeability Results
5.5. The Discussion of Porosity Results
5.6. The Discussion of Thermal Conductivity Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Raw Material Composition | Type of Base Layer |
---|---|---|
1 | PP/PE | Single layer spunbond process—S |
2 | PP/PE | Two-layer spunbond process—SS |
3 | PP | Three-layer spunbond process—SSS |
4 | PP | Three-layer spunbond process—SSS |
5 | PP | Five-layer composite of spunbond and meltblown processes—SSMMS |
6 | PP | Five-layer composite of spunbond and meltblown processes—SSMMS |
7 | PE | Single layer meltblown process—MB |
8 | PU | Single layer meltblown process—MB |
Sample | Fibre Diameter | ||
---|---|---|---|
Average Value [μm] | Standard Deviation (SD) [μm] | Coefficient of Variation (CV) [%] | |
Spunbond process | |||
1 | 19.34 | 1.021 | 5.28 |
2 | 19.57 | 0.594 | 3.03 |
3 | 11.53 | 0.427 | 3.70 |
4 | 17.46 | 0.602 | 3.45 |
SSMMS process | |||
5 | |||
A | 2.40 | 0.08 | 3.33 |
B | 17.41 | 0.69 | 3.99 |
6 | |||
A | 1.86 | 0.022 | 1.18 |
B | 12.84 | 0.462 | 3.59 |
Meltblown process | |||
7 | 2.81 | 0.074 | 2.64 |
8 | 3.55 | 0.12 | 3.59 |
Sample | Thickness | Mass | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average [Mm] | Standard Deviation; SD [Mm] | Coefficient of Variation; CV [%] | Average Mass [G] | Mass per Unit Area [G/M2] | Coefficient of Variation; CV [%] | |
Spunbond process | ||||||
1 | 0.366 | 0.013 | 3.50 | 1.70 | 30.91 | 0.61 |
2 | 0.236 | 0.016 | 6.77 | 1.45 | 26.36 | 1.15 |
3 | 0.116 | 0.008 | 6.90 | 0.73 | 13.27 | 0.73 |
4 | 0.216 | 0.014 | 6.48 | 1.42 | 25.82 | 0.49 |
SSMMS process | ||||||
5 | 0.142 | 0.010 | 7.04 | 0.84 | 15.27 | 1.23 |
6 | 0.063 | 0.0007 | 1.10 | 0.42 | 7.64 | 0.77 |
Meltblown process | ||||||
7 | 0.186 | 0.006 | 3.22 | 1.53 | 27.82 | 0.43 |
8 | 0.172 | 0.006 | 3.49 | 2.57 | 46.73 | 0.52 |
Sample | Display of Samples at 25× Magnification | Display of Samples at 2000× Magnification |
---|---|---|
1 | | |
2 | | |
3 | | |
4 | | |
5 | | |
6 | | |
7 | | |
8 | | |
Porosity Parameters | Samples | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
Average pore diameter (µm) | 114.84 | 66.85 | 73.78 | 184.70 | 135.31 | 133.91 | 198.59 | 23.99 |
Openness of surface (%) | 20.95 | 7.92 | 30.97 | 45.19 | 47.68 | 29.85 | 70.77 | 3.17 |
Bubble point (µm) | 816 | 667 | 397 | 612 | 408 | 358 | 1049 | 90 |
ANOVA for Breaking Stress Results | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 15.43 | 3 | 7.77 | 3.60 | 0.045 | 3.467 |
ANOVA for Breaking Extension Results | ||||||
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 25147.9 | 2 | 12573.9 | 3.91 | 0.036 | 3.467 |
ANOVA for Water Vapour Permeability Results | ||||||
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 42.7 | 2 | 21.3 | 2.67 | 0.123 | 4.257 |
ANOVA for Air Permeability Results | ||||||
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 1665.9 | 2 | 832.9 | 37.145 | 4.48⋅10−5 | 4.256 |
ANOVA for Thermal Conductivity Results | ||||||
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 0.041 | 2 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.12 | 4.256 |
ANOVA for Porosity-Openness of Surface Results | ||||||
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value | F-crit |
Between Groups (technology of web formation process) | 365.8 | 2 | 182.9 | 0.29 | 0.75 | 4.25 |
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Čepič, G.; Gorjanc, D.Š. Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality. Polymers 2022, 14, 2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112258
Čepič G, Gorjanc DŠ. Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality. Polymers. 2022; 14(11):2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112258
Chicago/Turabian StyleČepič, Gracija, and Dunja Šajn Gorjanc. 2022. "Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality" Polymers 14, no. 11: 2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112258