Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Filament Production and Temperature Printing Parameters
2.3. Manufacturing of the Test Specimens
2.4. Tensile and Flexural Testing
2.5. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.6. Melt Flow Index (MFI)
2.7. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.8. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA)
2.9. Microstructural Characterization
2.10. Surface Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Melt-Flow Index
3.2. Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Testing
3.3. Thermograviemtric Analysis
3.4. Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
3.5. Microstructural Characterization
3.6. Surface Characterization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Value | Property | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Density | 1.24 g/cm3 | Izod impact | 0.16 J/cm |
Tensile strength | 53.0 MPa | Heat distortion temperature | 55 °C |
Flexural strength | 82.7 MPa | Glass transition temperature | 55–60 °C |
Tensile modulus | 3.61 GPa | Melting temperature | 140–160 °C |
Flexural modulus | 3.83 GPa | Transmission (visible) | 90% |
Specimen | Tg (°C) | Tm (°C) | Tend (°C) | MFR (g/10 min at 190 °C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PLA-0% | 60 | 158 | 185 | 10.10 ± 0.60 |
PLA-3% | 60 | 152 | 183 | 10.43 ± 0.40 |
PLA-5% | 60 | 157 | 186 | 10.32 ± 0.72 |
Tensile Properties | Flexural Properties | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material | Young’s Modulus (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Young’s Modulus in Flexure (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Charpy’s Impact Energy (kJ/m2) |
PLA-0% | 1201.2 ± 95.76 | 42.04 ± 1.98 | 9.79 ± 1.57 | 805.64 ± 10.113 | 45.53 ± 4.70 | 7.75 ± 0.13 a |
PLA-3% | 1534.6 ± 185.71 | 39.26 ± 2.98 | 4.26 ± 0.63 | 817.89 ±21.54 | 43.21 ± 5.65 | 6.33 ± 0.91 b |
PLA-5% | 1708.1 ± 43.22 | 31.22 ± 1.28 | 4.32 ± 0.45 | 823.43 ± 14.98 | 40.59 ± 6.67 | 6.19 ± 0.11 b |
Material | T5% (°C) | Tmax (°C) | T95% (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
PLA-0% | 335 | 372 | 387 |
PLA-3% | 334 | 379 | 400 |
PLA-5% | 321 | 380 | 401 |
Material | G′ at 40 °C (MPa) | G′ at 80 °C (MPa) | G′ at 120 °C (MPa) | T at Tan δ Peak |
---|---|---|---|---|
PLA-0% | 824 | 1.0 | 18 | 60.9 |
PLA-3% | 721 | 1.1 | 12 | 61.2 |
PLA-5% | 890 | 1.2 | 12 | 60.8 |
Material | WCA Build-Plate Surface | WCA Free Surface | L* | a* | b* | YI | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLA-0% | 54.5 ± 2.3 a | 81.1 ± 2.3 a | 59.6 ± 1.5 a | −0.9 ± 0.1 a | 3.2 ± 0.2 a | 8.5 ± 0.7 a | 0.7 ± 0.3 a |
PLA-3% | 44.9 ± 2.8 b | 77.9 ± 2.5 b | 72.1 ± 1.4 b | −0.6 ± 0.1 b | 8.7 ± 0.4 b | 20.6 ± 0.9 b | 13.4 ± 1.0 b |
PLA-5% | 41.5 ± 1.8 c | 71.2 ± 2.0 c | 78.3 ± 0.5 c | −0.2 ± 0.1 c | 12.6 ± 0.3 c | 27.9 ± 0.6 c | 21.6 ± 0.7 c |
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Pavon, C.; Aldas, M.; Samper, M.D.; Motoc, D.L.; Ferrandiz, S.; López-Martínez, J. Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources. Polymers 2022, 14, 2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132646
Pavon C, Aldas M, Samper MD, Motoc DL, Ferrandiz S, López-Martínez J. Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources. Polymers. 2022; 14(13):2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132646
Chicago/Turabian StylePavon, Cristina, Miguel Aldas, María Dolores Samper, Dana Luca Motoc, Santiago Ferrandiz, and Juan López-Martínez. 2022. "Mechanical, Dynamic-Mechanical, Thermal and Decomposition Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with CaCO3 Fillers from Natural Resources" Polymers 14, no. 13: 2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132646