Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Preparation of Composites
2.3. Thermal Oxidation Treatment of Carbon Fibers and Composites
2.4. Characterizations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermal Stability of Carbon Fibers and Composites
3.2. Flexural Strength of Composites Treated at Different Temperatures
3.3. Micromorphology Changes of Composites with Different Contents of B4C
3.4. Phase Evolution of Composites at Elevated Temperatures
3.5. Micromorphology Changes and Phase Evolution of Carbon Fibers Treated at Different Temperatures
3.6. The Ablation Behavior of Composites
3.6.1. The Ablation Properties of Composites under an Oxygen–Acetylene Torch
3.6.2. Morphology of Ablated Surface
3.6.3. Phase Composition of Ablated Surface
3.7. Effect of MoSi2 and B4C on Carbon Fiber Oxidation in Composites
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Reaction | ∆G (kJ/mol) | |||||||
800 °C | 1000 °C | 1200 °C | 1400 °C | 1600 °C | 1800 °C | 2000 °C | 2200 °C | |
(3) | −4708.499 | −4478.956 | −4252.360 | −4028.161 | −3805.981 | −3588.251 | −3377.260 | −3168.831 |
(4) | −1781.391 | −1675.767 | −1572.219 | −1470.295 | −1369.734 | −1271.108 | −1174.976 | −1080.064 |
(5) | −344.272 | −525.977 | −703.651 | −878.027 | −1049.531 | −1218.490 | −1385.158 | −1549.733 |
(7) | −144.394 | −234.337 | −322.212 | −408.403 | −493.150 | −576.646 | −659.053 | −740.511 |
(8) | −242.457 | −330.223 | −415.840 | −499.675 | −581.943 | −662.808 | −742.401 | −820.826 |
(9) | −206.397 | −296.627 | −385.521 | −473.544 | −560.980 | −648.041 | −734.887 | −821.643 |
(10) | −1699.199 | −1597.309 | −1496.734 | −1397.354 | −1299.107 | −1202.741 | −1108.966 | −1016.649 |
(13) | −1128.581 | −1042.883 | −957.937 | −873.603 | −789.778 | −707.155 | −626.376 | −546.231 |
(14) | −1335.313 | −1267.079 | −1199.388 | −1132.122 | −1065.191 | −999.301 | −935.104 | −871.398 |
(15) | −117.916 | −184.486 | −249.874 | −314.098 | −377.157 | −439.029 | −499.683 | −559.075 |
(16) | −81.856 | −150.890 | −219.554 | −287.967 | −356.194 | −424.262 | −492.169 | −559.892 |
(17) | 240.864 | 173.222 | 106.285 | 39.969 | −25.786 | −90.633 | −154.249 | −217.232 |
2: Thermodynamic parameters come from the HSC Chemistry software. |
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Samples | Boron Phenolic Resin Solution (phr) | MoSi2 (phr) | B4C (phr) |
---|---|---|---|
BP-0 | 100 | 65 | 0 |
BP-5 | 100 | 65 | 5 |
BP-10 | 100 | 65 | 10 |
BP-15 | 100 | 65 | 15 |
BP-20 | 100 | 65 | 20 |
Samples | 1 Tmax/°C | Residue Yield/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
500 °C | 1000 °C | 1400 °C | ||
BP-0 | 755.2 | 93.20 | 50.78 | 24.03 |
BP-5 | 813.4 | 92.11 | 54.02 | 28.36 |
BP-10 | 885.0 | 93.44 | 66.31 | 30.22 |
BP-15 | 886.0 | 93.93 | 69.92 | 32.91 |
BP-20 | 892.4 | 93.79 | 66.65 | 30.02 |
Treatment Temperature | /μm | ||
---|---|---|---|
Carbon Fibers | BP-0 | BP-15 | |
RT | 7.118 | 7.118 | 7.118 |
800 °C | 6.034 | 6.178 | 6.892 |
1000 °C | 5.393 | 5.487 | 6.296 |
1200 °C | 4.999 | 5.097 | 5.592 |
1400 °C | 4.863 | 6.042 | 6.681 |
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Yang, T.; Dong, C.; Rong, Y.; Deng, Z.; Li, P.; Han, P.; Shi, M.; Huang, Z. Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures. Polymers 2022, 14, 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142785
Yang T, Dong C, Rong Y, Deng Z, Li P, Han P, Shi M, Huang Z. Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures. Polymers. 2022; 14(14):2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142785
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Tingli, Chuang Dong, Yiyang Rong, Zongyi Deng, Pengfei Li, Pengkun Han, Minxian Shi, and Zhixiong Huang. 2022. "Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures" Polymers 14, no. 14: 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142785