Fire Resistance Evaluation of New Wooden Composites Containing Waste Rubber from Automobiles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- -
- The structure does not deform, melt or break down.
- -
- The unexposed side’s temperature does not exceed the burning temperature of the combustible material.
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- The structure does not crack or otherwise become damaged by fire outside the building.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.1.1. Rubber Waste
2.1.2. Composite Processing
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Spontaneous Ignition Temperatures
2.2.2. The Mass Burning Rate
2.2.3. Calorimetry
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Spontaneous Ignition Temperature
3.2. The Mass Burning Rate
3.3. Calorimetry
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Signification | Composite Characterization |
---|---|
PB | Particleboard |
T10 | Particleboard—containing 10% of GWT |
T15 | Particleboard—containing 15% of GWT |
T20 | Particleboard—containing 20% of GWT |
R10 | Particleboard—containing 10% of GWR |
R15 | Particleboard—containing 15% of GWR |
R20 | Particleboard—containing 20% of GWR |
Sample | Bending Strength (MPa) | Water Absorption (%) | Thickness Swelling (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 h | 24 h | 2 h | 24 h | ||
PB | 0.294 ± 0.052 | 141.41 ± 8.61 | 166.16 ± 5.29 | 59.87 ± 5.50 | 70.28 ± 6.62 |
T10 | 0.211 ± 0.054 | 73.08 ± 7.05 | 97.94 ± 4.65 | 23.35 ± 3.20 | 30.74 ± 2.40 |
T15 | 0.223 ± 0.043 | 53.36 ± 9.85 | 88.60 ± 7.08 | 17.82 ± 2.90 | 26.57 ± 2.63 |
T20 | 0.215 ± 0.049 | 35.18 ± 3.72 | 99.58 ± 7.90 | 21.73 ± 3.09 | 27.63 ± 2.28 |
R10 | 0.284 ± 0.017 | 89.01 ± 4.12 | 117.40 ± 3.35 | 27.82 ± 2.50 | 32.98 ± 4.63 |
R15 | 0.263 ± 0.034 | 83.98 ± 2.67 | 113.63 ± 5.64 | 24.90 ± 1.64 | 31.47 ± 2.74 |
R20 | 0.176 ± 0.040 | 80.77 ± 7.93 | 107.33 ± 8.23 | 25.35 ± 1.55 | 31.50 ± 2.96 |
Sample | Average Time τ (s) | Average Temperature t (°C) |
---|---|---|
PB | 309 ± 1.2 | 430.0 ± 1.2 |
T10 | 298 ± 1.1 | 431.7 ± 1.1 |
T15 | 299 ± 2.1 | 428.8 ± 1.3 |
T20 | 302 ± 1.7 | 428.8 ± 2.1 |
R10 | 318 ± 1.4 | 424.8 ± 1.5 |
R15 | 342 ± 1.9 | 415.4 ± 1.8 |
R20 | 351 ± 2.4 | 414.1 ± 1.5 |
Composite Sample | Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Time to Initiation (s) | Maximal Burning Rate (%·s−1) | Time of Reaching Maximal Burning Rate (s) | |
PB | 34 ± 0.05 | 0.414 | 68 |
T10 | 34 ± 0.12 | 0.756 | 66 |
T15 | 32 ± 0.08 | 0.681 | 58 |
T20 | 30 ± 0.03 | 0.415 | 6 |
R10 | 32 ± 0.09 | 0.558 | 84 |
R15 | 30 ± 0.15 | 0.665 | 36 |
R20 | 28 ± 0.07 | 0.569 | 38 |
Sample/Property | Calorific Value (MJ·kg−1) | Ash Content (%) |
---|---|---|
GWT | 36.4 ± 0.8 | 7.4 ± 2.4 |
GWR | 29.9 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.5 |
PB | 18.4 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
T10 | 19.7 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 1.2 |
T15 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.1 |
T20 | 20.5 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
R10 | 19.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 |
R15 | 20.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
R20 | 21.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 |
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Mancel, V.; Čabalová, I.; Krilek, J.; Réh, R.; Zachar, M.; Jurczyková, T. Fire Resistance Evaluation of New Wooden Composites Containing Waste Rubber from Automobiles. Polymers 2022, 14, 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204465
Mancel V, Čabalová I, Krilek J, Réh R, Zachar M, Jurczyková T. Fire Resistance Evaluation of New Wooden Composites Containing Waste Rubber from Automobiles. Polymers. 2022; 14(20):4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204465
Chicago/Turabian StyleMancel, Vladimír, Iveta Čabalová, Jozef Krilek, Roman Réh, Martin Zachar, and Tereza Jurczyková. 2022. "Fire Resistance Evaluation of New Wooden Composites Containing Waste Rubber from Automobiles" Polymers 14, no. 20: 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204465