Low-Cost Fiber Chopped Strand Mat Composites for Compressive Stress and Strain Enhancement of Concrete Made with Brick Waste Aggregates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Test Matrix
2.2. Material Properties
2.3. Typical Specimen Details, Fabrication, and Strengthening Process
2.4. Test Setup and Instrumentation
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Failure Modes
3.2. Peak Stress and Ultimate Strain
3.3. Compressive Stress-Strain Curves
3.4. Effect of the Number of FCSM Wraps and Concrete Strength
4. Analytical Investigations
4.1. Existing Analytical Models
4.2. Proposed Models
5. Conclusions
- This study presented experimental findings of the monotonic compression tests applied to concrete constructed with recycled brick aggregates (CRAs) and externally confined with low-cost FCSM wraps. Three concrete strengths were considered, and eight rectilinear specimens were tested for each concrete strength. For each concrete strength, two, three, and four wraps of FCSM were applied. The subsequent important inferences can be made:
- The peak compressive stress of the specimens was increased by 61%, 98%, and 140% as compared to the reference specimen for the 2, 3, and 4 wraps of the FCSM applied to the low strength (i.e., a 15 MPa design strength) CRA specimens. For the medium strength CRA (i.e., a 20 MPA design strength), an up to 102% improvement in the peak stress was observed, whereas the peak stress was improved up to 83% for the high strength CRA (i.e., a 25 MPa design strength). The peak stress was found to increase as the number of FCSM wraps increased.
- The FCSM wraps were efficient in enhancing the compressive ductility of the CRA. For the low, medium, and high strength CRA, the ultimate strain improved up to 320%, 308%, and 294%, respectively, as compared to the respective control specimens.
- In particular, 3 and 4 wraps of the FCSM resulted in a bilinear stress-strain behavior irrespective of the concrete strength.
- The improvement in the peak stress and ultimate strain as a result of the FCSM wrap confinement varied in inverse relation to the unconfined concrete strength, irrespective of the number of FCSM wraps.
- Various existing analytical models of confined concrete were assessed to predict the peak compressive stress and ultimate strain of the CRA strengthened with the FCSM wraps. None of the existing models were found to estimate the peak stress and ultimate strain for all the groups consistently. Therefore, equations for the peak stress and ultimate strain were formulated from a nonlinear regression analysis. The accuracy of the proposed equations was assessed using Pearson’s coefficient . An value of 0.99 and 0.97 was observed for the equation of the peak stress and ultimate strain, respectively, indicating that a good agreement existed between the experimental and predicted values.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | 15 MPa | 20 MPa | 25 MPa |
---|---|---|---|
15-CON | 15 | None | 2 |
15-FCSM-2L | 15 | 2 | 2 |
15-FCSM-3L | 15 | 3 | 2 |
15-FCSM-4L | 15 | 4 | 2 |
20-CON | 20 | None | 2 |
20-FCSM-2L | 20 | 2 | 2 |
20-FCSM-3L | 20 | 3 | 2 |
20-FCSM-4L | 20 | 4 | 2 |
25-CON | 25 | None | 2 |
25-FCSM-2L | 25 | 2 | 2 |
25-FCSM-3L | 25 | 3 | 2 |
25-FCSM-4L | 25 | 4 | 2 |
15 (MPa) | 20 (MPa) | 25 (MPa) | |
---|---|---|---|
Cement | 261 | 438 | 627 |
Sand | 783 | 788 | 806 |
Natural stone aggregates | 522 | 438 | 358 |
Brick aggregates | 522 | 438 | 358 |
Water | 313 | 298 | 251 |
ID | Peak Stress (MPa) | Increase in Peak Stress (%) | Ultimate Strain | Increase in Ultimate Strain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-CON | 16.0 | - | 0.0083 | - |
15-FCSM-2L | 25.9 | 61 | 0.0240 | 188 |
15-FCSM-3L | 31.7 | 98 | 0.0308 | 270 |
15-FCSM-4L | 38.5 | 140 | 0.0350 | 320 |
20-CON | 21.8 | - | 0.0063 | - |
20-FCSM-2L | 33.3 | 53 | 0.0167 | 163 |
20-FCSM-3L | 37.9 | 74 | 0.0225 | 255 |
20-FCSM-4L | 44.0 | 102 | 0.0258 | 308 |
25-CON | 24.7 | - | 0.0057 | - |
25-FCSM-2L | 36.2 | 46 | 0.0133 | 135 |
25-FCSM-3L | 40.7 | 65 | 0.0190 | 235 |
25-FCSM-4L | 45.3 | 83 | 0.0223 | 294 |
Model | ||
---|---|---|
Shehata et al. [25] | ||
ACI-440.2 R-17 [46] | ||
Kumutha et al. [48] | - | |
Al-Salloum [49] | - | |
Mirmiran et al. [50] | - | |
Lam and Teng [51] | ||
Pimanmas et al. [52] | ||
Ilki and Kumbasar [58] |
Model | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | |
Shehata et al. [25] | 0.56 | 0.093 | 0.62 | 0.071 | 0.65 | 0.060 |
ACI-440.2 R-17 [46] | 0.50 | 0.104 | 0.57 | 0.083 | 0.60 | 0.073 |
Kumutha et al. [48] | 0.57 | 0.093 | 0.62 | 0.070 | 0.65 | 0.059 |
Al-Salloum [49] | 0.70 | 0.074 | 0.73 | 0.048 | 0.76 | 0.035 |
Mirmiran et al. [50] | 0.57 | 0.092 | 0.63 | 0.069 | 0.66 | 0.057 |
Lam and Teng [51] | 0.71 | 0.073 | 0.74 | 0.047 | 0.77 | 0.033 |
Pimanmas et al. [52] | 0.66 | 0.080 | 0.70 | 0.055 | 0.73 | 0.042 |
Ilki and Kumbasar [58] | 0.65 | 0.082 | 0.69 | 0.057 | 0.72 | 0.045 |
Proposed Equation (6) | 1.02 | 0.023 | 0.99 | 0.011 | 1.00 | 0.020 |
Model | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | |
Shehata et al. [25] | 0.73 | 0.023 | 0.65 | 0.032 | 0.66 | 0.066 |
ACI-440.2 R-17 [46] | 0.81 | 0.107 | 0.78 | 0.081 | 0.70 | 0.071 |
Lam and Teng [51] | 1.02 | 0.030 | 0.98 | 0.070 | 1.03 | 0.123 |
Pimanmas et al. [51] | 0.80 | 0.077 | 0.78 | 0.116 | 0.83 | 0.166 |
Ilki and Kumbasar [58] | 1.13 | 0.023 | 1.00 | 0.049 | 1.03 | 0.097 |
Proposed Equation (7) | 1.03 | 0.033 | 0.96 | 0.061 | 0.99 | 0.091 |
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Joyklad, P.; Saingam, P.; Ali, N.; Ejaz, A.; Hussain, Q.; Khan, K.; Chaiyasarn, K. Low-Cost Fiber Chopped Strand Mat Composites for Compressive Stress and Strain Enhancement of Concrete Made with Brick Waste Aggregates. Polymers 2022, 14, 4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214714
Joyklad P, Saingam P, Ali N, Ejaz A, Hussain Q, Khan K, Chaiyasarn K. Low-Cost Fiber Chopped Strand Mat Composites for Compressive Stress and Strain Enhancement of Concrete Made with Brick Waste Aggregates. Polymers. 2022; 14(21):4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214714
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoyklad, Panuwat, Panumas Saingam, Nazam Ali, Ali Ejaz, Qudeer Hussain, Kaffayatullah Khan, and Krisada Chaiyasarn. 2022. "Low-Cost Fiber Chopped Strand Mat Composites for Compressive Stress and Strain Enhancement of Concrete Made with Brick Waste Aggregates" Polymers 14, no. 21: 4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214714