Coating of Silicone Monofilaments with Elastic Carbon Black-Silver-Silicone Layers and Their Characterization Especially with Regard to the Change of the Electrical Resistance in Dependence on Strain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Coating of Monofilaments
2.2.2. Microscopy
2.2.3. Electrical Resistance Measurements
3. Results
3.1. Mass and Layer Thickness
3.2. Optical Evaluation of the Monofilaments
3.3. Optical Evaluation of the Samples with Silver Components
3.4. EDX Measurements
3.5. Resistance Measurements
4. Discussion
4.1. Visual Assessment and Silver Content
4.2. Electrical Conductivity
4.2.1. Monofilament with Carbon Silicone Coating
4.2.2. Integration of Silver into the Coating
4.2.3. Different Concentrations of 352000
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product Name | Conduct Glass Silver 352000 | Silver AGP V0180-4 | PMPMS-AG 1.53 | PMPMS-AG 1.36 | Silver F56T | Silver ES-4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code | Ag352000 | AgVO180 | Ag1.53 | Ag1.36 | AgF56T | AgES4 |
Producer * | Eckert GmbH | Doduco GmbH | Cosperic LLC | Cospheric LLC | Doduco GmbH | Doduco GmbH |
Product description | flakes | particles | microbeads of PMMA with silver coating | microbeads of PMMA with silver coating | flakes | flakes |
Size D10-D90 [µm] ** | 10.0–65.0 | 36–63 | 38–45 | 90–106 | <3–16 | 6–50 |
Silver content [%] ** | app. 18 | ≥99.9 | <20 | <20 | ≥99 | ≥99.7 |
REM images (500× magnification) | | | | | | |
Sample | C [At.%] | O [At.%] | Si [At.%] | Ag [At.%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ag352000_20% | 58.6 ± 0.4 | 27.6 ± 0.2 | 13.4 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
AgVO180_20% | 58.3 ± 1.4 | 27.2 ± 0.5 | 14.3 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
Ag1.53_20% | 60.2 ± 1.2 | 26.1 ± 0.9 | 13.4 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
Ag1.36_20% | 55.9 ± 2.3 | 29.5 ± 1.8 | 14.4 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
AgF56T_20% | 53.8 ± 5.9 | 28.1 ± 2.5 | 15.5 ± 2.9 | 2.6 ± 0.5 |
AgES4_20% | 57.2 ± 1.9 | 27.5 ± 1.0 | 14.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Sample | C [At.%] | O [At.%] | Si [At.%] | Ag [At.%] | Ca [At.%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
uncoated monofil | 48.4 ± 3.3 | 34.7 ± 1.3 | 16.9 ± 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
monofilament with carbon silicone | 59.8 ± 0.6 | 26.6 ± 0.4 | 13.3 ± 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
Ag352000_5% | 59.4 ± 0.0 | 26.4 ± 0.2 | 14.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0 |
Ag352000_10% | 57.9 ± 0.9 | 27.3 ± 1.2 | 14.8 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0 |
Ag352000_15% | 59.8 ± 0.7 | 26.1 ± 1.1 | 13.9 ± 1.4 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Ag352000_20% | 58.6 ± 0.4 | 27.6 ± 0.2 | 13.4 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
Ag352000_25% | 57.4 ± 1.6 | 27.3 ± 0.8 | 14.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
Ag352000_30% | 57.4 ± 1.8 | 27.6 ± 0.6 | 14.1 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.0 |
Ag352000_35% | 58.9 ± 0.9 | 27.3 ± 0.2 | 12.8 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
Ag352000_40% | 57.0 ± 2.3 | 28.0 ± 0.9 | 13.2 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
Silver Component (Addition of 20%) | Increase in Electrical Resistance with Elongation by 33% [%] | Gauge Factor at 33% Elongation [1/%] |
---|---|---|
without | 349 | 0.07 |
Ag352000 | 674 | 0.17 |
AgVO180 | 491 | 0.12 |
Ag1.53 | 607 | 0.15 |
Ag1.36 | 609 | 0.15 |
AgF56T | 489 | 0.12 |
AgES4 | 452 | 0.11 |
Flake Concentration [%]/Clamping Length [mm] | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | Increase in Electrical Resistance at Elongation from 0% to 33% [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | - | 0.06 | 0,.7 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 349 |
5% | - | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 389 |
10% | - | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 568 |
15% | - | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 688 |
20% | - | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 971 |
25% | - | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 1501 |
30% | - | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.93 | 3189 |
35% | - | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.96 | 3316 |
40% | - | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 1.13 | 3878 |
Elongation [%] | 0.0 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 26.7 | 33.3 |
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Klinkhammer, K.; Nolden, R.; Brendgen, R.; Niemeyer, M.; Zöll, K.; Schwarz-Pfeiffer, A. Coating of Silicone Monofilaments with Elastic Carbon Black-Silver-Silicone Layers and Their Characterization Especially with Regard to the Change of the Electrical Resistance in Dependence on Strain. Polymers 2022, 14, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14040806
Klinkhammer K, Nolden R, Brendgen R, Niemeyer M, Zöll K, Schwarz-Pfeiffer A. Coating of Silicone Monofilaments with Elastic Carbon Black-Silver-Silicone Layers and Their Characterization Especially with Regard to the Change of the Electrical Resistance in Dependence on Strain. Polymers. 2022; 14(4):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14040806
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlinkhammer, Kristina, Ramona Nolden, Rike Brendgen, Manuela Niemeyer, Kerstin Zöll, and Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer. 2022. "Coating of Silicone Monofilaments with Elastic Carbon Black-Silver-Silicone Layers and Their Characterization Especially with Regard to the Change of the Electrical Resistance in Dependence on Strain" Polymers 14, no. 4: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14040806