Epoxidized Soybean Oil Toughened Poly(lactic acid)/Lignin-g-Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Bio-Composite Films with Potential Food Packaging Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of LG-g-PLMA
2.3. Preparation of PLA/LG-g-PLMA/ESO Composite
2.4. Preparation of PLA/LG-g-PLMA/ESO Composite Film
2.5. Characterization
- (1)
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
- (2)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- (3)
- Mechanical Properties
- (4)
- Thermogravimetric Analysis
- (5)
- Rheological Properties
- (6)
- Optical Property
- (7)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy
- (8)
- Oxygen transmission rate
- (9)
- Overall migration
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Characterization of PLA/LG-g-PLMA/ESO
3.2. Thermal Properties
3.3. Thermal Stability
3.4. Rheological Properties
3.5. Mechanical Properties
3.6. Morhology Analysis
3.7. Optical Properties
3.8. Gas Barrier Properties
3.9. Overall Migration
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | PLA (wt%) | LG-g-PLMA (wt%) | ESO (phr) |
---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 100 | ||
PLLA1 | 95 | 5 | 0 |
PLLA2 | 95 | 5 | 1 |
PLLA3 | 95 | 5 | 3 |
PLLA4 | 95 | 5 | 5 |
PLLA5 | 95 | 5 | 7 |
PLLA6 | 95 | 5 | 9 |
Sample | Tg (°C) | Tcc (°C) | Tm (°C) | ΔHcc (J/g) | ΔHm (J/g) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 61.38 | 111.24 | 158.15/168.83 | 30.79 | 36.61 | 6.21 |
PLLA1 | 60.08 | 107.85 | 162.63/168.77 | 23.10 | 35.78 | 13.58 |
PLLA2 | 60.29 | 110.00 | 162.83/169.22 | 25.78 | 36.33 | 11.37 |
PLLA3 | 58.83 | 108.17 | 162.02/168.61 | 22.33 | 35.41 | 14.39 |
PLLA4 | 56.96 | 103.82 | 161.78/167.84 | 23.09 | 34.93 | 13.31 |
PLLA5 | 56.76 | 103.79 | 161.35/167.67 | 21.87 | 35.28 | 15.39 |
PLLA6 | 57.17 | 104.36 | 161.96/167.74 | 23.68 | 33.08 | 11.12 |
Sample | T5% (°C) | Tmax (°C) | Residues at 700 °C (%) |
---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 339.1 | 374.2 | 0.29 |
PLLA1 | 338.7 | 373.8 | 1.67 |
PLLA2 | 336.3 | 372.9 | 0.59 |
PLLA3 | 325.7 | 371.7 | 1.02 |
PLLA4 | 337.1 | 372.6 | 0.58 |
PLLA5 | 326.6 | 370.9 | 0.75 |
PLLA6 | 324.9 | 369.8 | 2.13 |
Sample | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Tensile Toughness (MJ/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 44.6 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 656.2 ± 42.1 | 3.2 ± 0.2 |
PLLA1 | 42.6 ± 2.6 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 493.0 ± 20.5 | 4.1 ± 0.1 |
PLLA2 | 37.0 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 2.1 | 439.2 ± 18.6 | 5.9 ± 0.2 |
PLLA3 | 34.8 ± 3.1 | 24.7 ± 3.9 | 472.2 ± 22.7 | 12.6 ± 1.6 |
PLLA4 | 32.2 ± 2.5 | 104.6 ± 8.3 | 381.3 ± 18.6 | 44.7 ± 2.8 |
PLLA5 | 31.0 ± 2.3 | 85.7 ± 7.1 | 426.6 ± 13.9 | 41.4 ± 2.9 |
PLLA6 | 26.5 ± 2.7 | 72.6 ± 6.9 | 367.2 ± 15.8 | 29.3 ± 2.1 |
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Zhou, Y.; Shi, K.; Liu, G.; Sun, H.; Weng, Y. Epoxidized Soybean Oil Toughened Poly(lactic acid)/Lignin-g-Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Bio-Composite Films with Potential Food Packaging Application. Polymers 2024, 16, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142025
Zhou Y, Shi K, Liu G, Sun H, Weng Y. Epoxidized Soybean Oil Toughened Poly(lactic acid)/Lignin-g-Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Bio-Composite Films with Potential Food Packaging Application. Polymers. 2024; 16(14):2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142025
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yingxin, Kang Shi, Guoshuai Liu, Hui Sun, and Yunxuan Weng. 2024. "Epoxidized Soybean Oil Toughened Poly(lactic acid)/Lignin-g-Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Bio-Composite Films with Potential Food Packaging Application" Polymers 16, no. 14: 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142025