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Open AccessArticle
Assessing Intra-Bundle Impregnation in Partially Impregnated Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Using a 2D Extended-Field and Multimodal Imaging Approach
by
Sujith Sidlipura
Sujith Sidlipura
,
Abderrahmane Ayadi
Abderrahmane Ayadi *
and
Mylène Lagardère Deléglise
Mylène Lagardère Deléglise
IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, 59000 Lille, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2024, 16(15), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152171 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 June 2024
/
Revised: 25 July 2024
/
Accepted: 26 July 2024
/
Published: 30 July 2024
Abstract
This study evaluates multimodal imaging for characterizing microstructures in partially impregnated thermoplastic matrix composites made of woven glass fiber and polypropylene. The research quantifies the impregnation degree of fiber bundles within composite plates manufactured through a simplified compression resin transfer molding process. For comparison, a reference plate was produced using compression molding of film stacks. An original surface polishing procedure was introduced to minimize surface defects while polishing partially impregnated samples. Extended-field 2D imaging techniques, including polarized light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopies, were used to generate images of the same microstructure at fiber-scale resolutions throughout the plate. Post-processing workflows at the macro-scale involved stitching, rigid registration, and pixel classification of FM and SEM images. Meso-scale workflows focused on 0°-oriented fiber bundles extracted from extended-filed images to conduct quantitative analyses of glass fiber and porosity area fractions. A one-way ANOVA analysis confirmed the reliability of the statistical data within the 95% confidence interval. Porosity quantification based on the conducted multimodal approach indicated the sensitivity of the impregnation degree according to the layer distance from the pool of melted polypropylene in the context of simplified-CRTM. The findings underscore the potential of multimodal imaging for quantitative analysis in composite material production.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sidlipura, S.; Ayadi, A.; Deléglise, M.L.
Assessing Intra-Bundle Impregnation in Partially Impregnated Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Using a 2D Extended-Field and Multimodal Imaging Approach. Polymers 2024, 16, 2171.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152171
AMA Style
Sidlipura S, Ayadi A, Deléglise ML.
Assessing Intra-Bundle Impregnation in Partially Impregnated Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Using a 2D Extended-Field and Multimodal Imaging Approach. Polymers. 2024; 16(15):2171.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152171
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sidlipura, Sujith, Abderrahmane Ayadi, and Mylène Lagardère Deléglise.
2024. "Assessing Intra-Bundle Impregnation in Partially Impregnated Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Using a 2D Extended-Field and Multimodal Imaging Approach" Polymers 16, no. 15: 2171.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152171
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