Bacterial Adhesion to Natural and Synthetic Fibre-Forming Polymers: Influence of Material Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Approach of Bacterial Adhesion
3. Textile Factors Influencing Bacterial Adhesion
3.1. Chemical and Physicochemical Properties
3.1.1. Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity
3.1.2. Combination of Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity and Surface Charge
3.1.3. Surface Free Energy
3.2. Constructional and Textural Properties
3.2.1. Porosity
3.2.2. Roughness
3.2.3. Combination of Roughness, Porosity, and Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity
4. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mechanism | Characteristics of the Phase | Characteristics of the Bacterial Cells Involved | Forces/Interactions Involved |
---|---|---|---|
Reversible adhesion | Immediate attraction of planktonic bacteria to a substrate surface [54,58,60,61,66]. | Passive and/or active movement, but Brownian motion is still present [54,58,60,61,66]. | Attractive (van der Walls) and repulsive (electrostatic) physicochemical forces [60,61]. |
Irreversible adhesion | Bacteria adhere firmly to the substrate surface [58,60]. The bacterial cells can also adhere to each other and form aggregates on the substrate [60]. | Bacteria no longer show Brownian movement [58,60]. Production of exopolysaccharides that form a complex with the substrate surface [60]. | Molecular and cellular interactions and the production of specific adhesin molecules [58,60]. |
Theory | Strengths | Limitations | Applications |
---|---|---|---|
DLVO theory | Bacterial adhesion is assumed to be balanced by two main forces between the bacterial cells and the substrate surface [18,29,72,73,74,75]. | Bacteria are more complex than inert spherical colloid particles [29,90,91]. Does not consider various factors, which also influence bacterial adhesion [29,90,91]. | Only applicable when a new cell-substrate interface is formed [75]. Great importance in colloid and surface chemistry [71]. |
Thermodynamic approach | Explains bacterial adhesion to solid substrates based on the interfacial free energy balance [18,29,69,92]. | The approach requires the estimation of the numerical values of the thermodynamic parameters [75]. Assumes a closed energy system although bacteria are living organisms [75]. | Different thermodynamic approaches can be used to calculate Gibs free energy of the system [94]. |
Extended DLVO theory | Generally, predicts adhesion and its reversibility more accurately than the DLVO theory and the thermodynamic approach [29,75,89,105]. | The theory was not rigorously tested [75]. | It allows for more accurate predictions and effective solutions in managing bacterial contamination on textile surfaces. |
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Čuk, N.; Simončič, B.; Fink, R.; Tomšič, B. Bacterial Adhesion to Natural and Synthetic Fibre-Forming Polymers: Influence of Material Properties. Polymers 2024, 16, 2409. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172409
Čuk N, Simončič B, Fink R, Tomšič B. Bacterial Adhesion to Natural and Synthetic Fibre-Forming Polymers: Influence of Material Properties. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2409. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172409
Chicago/Turabian StyleČuk, Nina, Barbara Simončič, Rok Fink, and Brigita Tomšič. 2024. "Bacterial Adhesion to Natural and Synthetic Fibre-Forming Polymers: Influence of Material Properties" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2409. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172409