Synthesis and Electrochromism of Highly Organosoluble Polyamides and Polyimides with Bulky Trityl-Substituted Triphenylamine Units
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Monomer Synthesis
2.3. Synthesis of Polyamides
2.4. Synthesis of Polyimides
2.5. Fabrication of the Electrochromic Devices (ECDs)
2.5.1. Electrodes
2.5.2. Electrolytes
2.5.3. Assembly
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Monomer Synthesis
3.2. Synthesis of Polyamides
3.3. Synthesis of Polyimides
3.4. Properties of Polymers
3.4.1. Solubility
3.4.2. Thermal Stability
3.4.3. Electrochemical Property
3.4.4. Electro-Optical Property
3.4.5. Electrochromic Switching and Stability
3.5. Electrochromic Devices
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer Code | ηinh (dL g−1) a | Solubility in Various Solvents b,c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NMP | DMAc | DMF | DMSO | m-Cresol | THF | ||
5a | 0.49 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +− |
5b | 0.62 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +− |
5c | 0.43 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
5d | 0.42 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
5e | 0.35 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
7a | 0.25 | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ |
7b | 0.64 | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ |
7c | 0.30 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Polymer | Tg (°C) | Td10 (°C) | Char Yield at 800 °C (wt %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
in N2 | in Air | |||
5a | 312 | 410 | 420 | 55 |
5b | 288 | 430 | 430 | 55 |
5c | 305 | 435 | 460 | 55 |
5d | 206 | 400 | 400 | 27 |
5e | 295 | 395 | 390 | 32 |
7a | 292 | 570 | 560 | 60 |
7b | 314 | 570 | 550 | 67 |
7c | 336 | 525 | 520 | 39 |
Polymer | UV-Vis Absorption (nm) a | Oxidation Potential (V) b | Eg (eV) c | HOMO (eV) d | LUMO (eV) d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
λmax | λonset | Eonset | E1/2Ox | ||||
5a | 352 | 436 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 2.84 | −5.51 | −2.67 |
5b | 340 | 396 | 0.74 | 0.85 | 3.13 | −5.51 | −2.38 |
5c | 343 | 414 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 2.99 | −5.52 | −2.53 |
5d | 320 | 368 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 3.37 | −5.49 | −2.12 |
5e | 321 | 373 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 3.32 | −5.47 | −2.15 |
7a | 320 | 379 | 1.02 | 1.11 | 3.27 | −5.77 | −2.50 |
7b | 323 | 379 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 3.27 | −5.76 | −2.49 |
7c | 316 | 358 | 0.99 | 1.09 | 3.46 | −5.75 | −2.29 |
Cycling Times a | ΔOD490 b | Qd (mC cm−2) c | CE (cm2 C−1) d | Decay in CE (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.99 | 5.33 | 186 | 0 |
10 | 0.99 | 5.33 | 186 | 0 |
20 | 0.98 | 5.31 | 185 | 0.5 |
30 | 0.98 | 5.31 | 185 | 0.5 |
40 | 0.98 | 5.32 | 184 | 1 |
50 | 0.97 | 5.30 | 183 | 1.6 |
60 | 0.96 | 5.29 | 181 | 2.7 |
70 | 0.96 | 5.30 | 181 | 2.7 |
80 | 0.96 | 5.29 | 180 | 3.2 |
90 | 0.95 | 5.30 | 179 | 3.7 |
100 | 0.94 | 5.28 | 178 | 4.3 |
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Hsiao, S.-H.; Liao, W.-K.; Liou, G.-S. Synthesis and Electrochromism of Highly Organosoluble Polyamides and Polyimides with Bulky Trityl-Substituted Triphenylamine Units. Polymers 2017, 9, 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9100511
Hsiao S-H, Liao W-K, Liou G-S. Synthesis and Electrochromism of Highly Organosoluble Polyamides and Polyimides with Bulky Trityl-Substituted Triphenylamine Units. Polymers. 2017; 9(10):511. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9100511
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao, Sheng-Huei, Wei-Kai Liao, and Guey-Sheng Liou. 2017. "Synthesis and Electrochromism of Highly Organosoluble Polyamides and Polyimides with Bulky Trityl-Substituted Triphenylamine Units" Polymers 9, no. 10: 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9100511