Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Site and Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Sampling and Project Measurement
2.3.1. Shoot Collection and Nutrient Determination
2.3.2. Collection of Fruit Samples and Quality and Nutrient Determination
2.4. Nutrient Uptake by Shoots and Fruits
2.5. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Dry Matter Accumulation in and Nutrient Uptake by Newhall Navel Orange Shoots
3.1.1. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Dry Matter Accumulation in Newhall Navel Orange Shoots
3.1.2. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Uptake in Newhall Navel Orange Shoots
3.2. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Uptake by Newhall Navel Orange Fruits
3.3. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Fruit Yield and Quality
3.3.1. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield
3.3.2. Effect of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Fruit Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Annual Fertilizer Dose (kg·plant−1) | Corresponding Pure Nutrient Content (kg·plant−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organic Fertilizer | Urea | Calcium–Magnesium Phosphate | Potassium Sulfate | N | P2O5 | K2O | |
OM0+K25 | 0 | 1.50 | 2.50 | 1.25 | 0.705 | 0.300 | 0.638 |
OM5+K20 | 5 | 1.50 | 2.50 | 1.20 | 0.752 | 0.303 | 0.638 |
OM10+K15 | 10 | 1.50 | 2.50 | 1.15 | 0.799 | 0.305 | 0.638 |
OM15+K05 | 15 | 1.50 | 2.50 | 1.05 | 0.846 | 0.308 | 0.612 |
Shoot Type | Treatment | Leaves (g·kg−1) | Branches (g·kg−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | N | P | K | ||
Spring shoots | OM0+K25 | 27.20 ± 1.86a | 1.70 ± 0.03a | 13.25 ± 2.81ab | 16.35 ± 2.26a | 1.73 ± 0.09b | 5.77 ± 0.72a |
OM5+K20 | 27.57 ± 1.31a | 1.66 ± 0.07a | 11.91 ± 2.12b | 18.27 ± 0.88a | 1.95 ± 0.13a | 5.32 ± 0.48a | |
OM10+K15 | 27.25 ± 2.51a | 1.71 ± 0.18a | 12.36 ± 0.82b | 16.72 ± 2.33a | 1.72 ± 0.23b | 4.79 ± 0.44a | |
OM15+K05 | 29.85 ± 1.80a | 1.72 ± 0.08a | 15.59 ± 1.86a | 17.59 ± 1.10a | 1.91 ± 0.12ab | 5.53 ± 0.98a | |
Autumn shoots | OM0+K25 | 19.77 ± 1.47ab | 1.74 ± 0.13a | 8.37 ± 1.46a | 10.73 ± 0.97a | 1.64 ± 0.37a | 5.95 ± 1.60a |
OM5+K20 | 20.73 ± 0.85a | 1.60 ± 0.16a | 8.46 ± 0.42a | 12.03 ± 1.09a | 1.50 ± 0.19a | 5.38 ± 1.13a | |
OM10+K15 | 19.15 ± 1.40ab | 1.67 ± 0.22a | 7.32 ± 0.99a | 12.01 ± 0.93a | 1.39 ± 0.3a | 4.88 ± 0.69a | |
OM15+K05 | 18.67 ± 1.45b | 1.61 ± 0.21a | 8.64 ± 1.02a | 11.78 ± 1.04a | 1.51 ± 0.3a | 5.39 ± 0.96a |
Treatment | L | a | b | a/b |
---|---|---|---|---|
OM0+K25 | 80.17 ± 2.44 a | 18.71 ± 8.59 c | 48.34 ± 3.03 a | 0.39 ± 0.19 c |
OM5+K20 | 75.71 ± 0.63 bc | 27.26 ± 1.56 ab | 43.61 ± 1.09 ab | 0.63 ± 0.04 b |
OM10+K15 | 73.20 ± 4.96 c | 33.08 ± 3.36 a | 39.78 ± 6.75 b | 0.86 ± 0.21 a |
OM15+K05 | 77.81 ± 1.54 ab | 24.32 ± 2.65 bc | 46.90 ± 2.73 a | 0.52 ± 0.08 bc |
Treatment | Total Soluble Solids TSS (%) | Titratable Acid TA (%) | Total Soluble Solids/Titratable Acid TSS/TA | Vitamin C Vc (mg/100 mL) | Soluble Sugar SS (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM0+K25 | 11.14 ± 0.72 b | 1.11 ± 0.14 a | 10.15 ± 1.24 a | 53.14 ± 6.36 a | 5.15 ± 1.11 a |
OM5+K20 | 11.24 ± 0.34 ab | 0.95 ± 0.15 a | 11.99 ± 1.66 a | 56.53 ± 2.58 a | 5.16 ± 0.23 a |
OM10+K15 | 12.00 ± 0.19 a | 1.09 ± 0.22 a | 11.32 ± 1.93 a | 58.50 ± 6.41 a | 6.19 ± 1.09 a |
OM15+K05 | 11.48 ± 0.79 ab | 1.15 ± 0.15 a | 10.02 ± 0.75 a | 55.07 ± 4.72 a | 5.75 ± 0.54 a |
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Wen, M.; Zhang, J.; Zheng, Y.; Yi, S. Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101990
Wen M, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yi S. Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality. Agronomy. 2021; 11(10):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101990
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Mingxia, Ji Zhang, Yongqiang Zheng, and Shilai Yi. 2021. "Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality" Agronomy 11, no. 10: 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101990
APA StyleWen, M., Zhang, J., Zheng, Y., & Yi, S. (2021). Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality. Agronomy, 11(10), 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101990