Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Testing Environments and Experimental Design
2.3. Data Analysis
2.3.1. Analysis of Variance and Genotype by Environment Interaction
2.3.2. Analysis of Stability
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Variance
3.2. Characterization of the Testing Environments
3.2.1. Climatic Data
3.2.2. Environment Characterization for Yield
3.2.3. Association between the Environments
3.3. Yield Stability Assessment
3.3.1. Parametric Stability Indices
3.3.2. Non-Parametric Stability Indices
3.3.3. AMMI Derived Stability
3.3.4. Association of the Stability Indices
4. Discussion
4.1. Dissection of the Genotype by Environment Interaction
4.2. Considerations for the Use of Durum Wheat Wild Relatives
4.3. Impact of Wild Relatives on Yield Potential
4.4. Yield Stability of the Durum Wheat Derivatives
4.5. Association between Different Stability Parameters
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pedigree/Name | Wild Parent Genome | Number of Lines |
---|---|---|
Cham5*2/T. dicoccoides IG 118178 | AuAuBB | 6 |
Cham5*3/T. dicoccoides IG 118178 | AuAuBB | 11 |
Haurani*2/T. urartu IG 45489 | AuAu | 4 |
Cham5*3/T. urartu IG 45488 | AuAu | 2 |
Cham5*3/T. aegilopoides IG 118180 | AmAm | 19 |
Cham5*2/T. urartu IG 118184 | AuAu | 2 |
Cham5*3/T. aegilopoides IG 118181 | AmAm | 1 |
Cham5*4/Ae. speltoides IG 47843 | SS (BB) | 6 |
Cham5*2/T. aegilopoides IG 118180 | AmAm | 3 |
Cham5*3/T. dicoccoides IG 118179 | AuAuBB | 2 |
Haurani*2/T. aegilopoides IG 118185 | AmAm | 2 |
Haurani*2/T. urartu IG 45475 | AuAu | 2 |
Cham5*3/T. urartu IG 118182 | AuAu | 3 |
Cham5*3/T. urartu IG 118184 | AuAu | 1 |
Cham5*4/Ae. speltoides IG 47844 | SS (BB) | 1 |
Cham5*2/T. urartu IG 118182 | AuAu | 1 |
Haurani*3/T. dicoccoides IG 118178 | AuAuBB | 1 |
Checks | - | 8 |
Recurrent parents | - | 2 |
Location | Country | Long | Lat | Season | ENV | Sowing Date | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allal Tazi | Morocco | 34°31′ N | 6°14′ W | 2016–17 | AT-17 | 2016/11/12 | RFD |
2017–18 | AT-18 | 2017/11/21 | RFD | ||||
Annoceur | Morocco | 33°41′ N | 4°51′ W | 2016–17 | AN-17 | 2016/12/02 | RFD |
2017–18 | AN-18 | 2017/11/21 | RFD | ||||
Marchouch | Morocco | 33°36′ N | 6°42′ W | 2015–16 | MCH-16 | 2015/12/16 | SIR |
2016–17 | MCH-17 | 2016/11/19 | RFD | ||||
2017–18 | MCH-18 | 2017/11/29 | RFD | ||||
Melk Zher | Morocco | 30°02′ N | 9°33′ W | 2015–16 | MZIR-16 | 2015/12/21 | FIR |
2015–16 | MZRF-16 | 2015/12/21 | SIR | ||||
Tessaout | Morocco | 31°49′ N | 7°25′ W | 2016–17 | TSIR-17 | 2016/12/14 | FIR |
2016–17 | TSRF-17 | 2016/12/14 | RFD | ||||
2017–18 | TSIR-18 | 2017/12/22 | FIR | ||||
2017–18 | TSRF-18 | 2017/12/22 | RFD | ||||
Wad Medani | Sudan | 14°24′ N | 33°31′ E | 2016–17 | WMD-17 | 2016/12/18 | FIR |
2017–18 | WMD-18 | 2017/12/07 | FIR |
Source of Variation | DF | Variance Component |
---|---|---|
ENV Mean Sq (f) | 14 | 536,126,241 *** |
Genotypic variance (r) | - | 221,131 *** |
GE interaction variance (r) | - | 213,091 *** |
AN-17 residuals (r) | - | 264,403 |
AN-18 residuals (r) | - | 314,508 |
AT-17 residuals (r) | - | 466,464 |
AT-18 residuals (r) | - | 722,924 |
MCH-16 residuals (r) | - | 1,268,491 |
MCH-17 residuals (r) | - | 332,655 |
MCH-18 residuals (r) | - | 2,107,375 |
MZIR-16 residuals (r) | - | 2,075,582 |
MZRF-16 residuals (r) | - | 795,924 |
TSIR-17 residuals (r) | - | 1,469,300 |
TSIR-18 residuals (r) | - | 1,269,044 |
TSRF-17 residuals (r) | - | 404,398 |
TSRF-18 residuals (r) | - | 566,288 |
WMD-17 residuals (r) | - | 297,060 |
WMD-18 residuals (r) | - | 203,483 |
Source | Df | Mean Sq | % TSS | GEI Proportion (%) | Accumulated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ENV | 14 | 383,602,598 *** | 66.93 | - | - |
REP(ENV) | 15 | 10,556,057 *** | 1.973 | - | - |
BLOCK(REP*ENV) | 300 | 1,055,308 *** | 3.94 | - | - |
GEN | 76 | 8,857,688 *** | 8.39 | - | - |
GEN:ENV | 1061 | 1,417,790 *** | 18.74 | - | - |
Residuals | 808 | 716,543 | - | ||
PC1 | 89 | 3,871,018 | - | 22.6 | 22.6 |
PC2 | 87 | 2,840,469 | - | 16.2 | 38.8 |
PC3 | 85 | 2,148,503 | - | 12 | 50.7 |
PC4 | 83 | 1,854,171 | - | 10.1 | 60.8 |
PC5 | 81 | 1,343,685 | - | 7.1 | 68 |
PC6 | 79 | 1,361,599 | - | 7 | 75 |
PC7 | 77 | 1,111,644 | - | 5.6 | 80.6 |
ENV | Sowing Date | Treatment | Max T | Min T | Mean T | Prec (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AT-17 | 2016/11/12 | RFD | - | - | - | 592 |
AT-18 | 2017/11/21 | RFD | - | - | - | 602 |
AN-17 | 2016/12/02 | RFD | 23.87 | 7.14 | 15.05 | 306 |
AN-18 | 2017/11/21 | RFD | 26.66 | 1 | 12.69 | 611 |
MCH-16 | 2015/12/16 | SIR | 25.24 | 10 | 14 | 204.8 |
MCH-17 | 2016/11/19 | RFD | 32.2 | 3.63 | 15.96 | 275.9 |
MCH-18 | 2017/11/29 | RFD | 26.54 | 2.68 | 14.38 | 514.6 |
MZIR-16 | 2015/12/21 | FIR | 24.63 | 10.86 | 17.75 | 85.8 |
MZRF-16 | 2015/12/21 | SIR | ||||
TSIR-17 | 2016/12/14 | FIR | 25.76 | 10.19 | 17.98 | 207 |
TSRF-17 | 2016/12/14 | RFD | ||||
TSIR-18 | 2017/12/22 | FIR | 26.17 | 10.31 | 18.24 | 294 |
TSRF-18 | 2017/12/22 | RFD | ||||
WMD-17 | 2016/12/18 | FIR | 37 | 18 | 27 | 0 |
WMD-18 | 2017/12/07 | FIR | 37.3 | 18.6 | 27.9 | 0 |
Desirable | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Pi | 129080 | 129081 | 142005 | Marzak | MIKI3 | Faraj | Icarachaz | 142060 | 142074 | 142009 |
EV | 141972 | 84859 | 141984 | 142007 | 142057 | 142001 | 142056 | 142015 | 142055 | 142039 |
GAI | Marzak | 129080 | 129081 | 142005 | Faraj | Louiza | Icarachaz | 142009 | 142074 | 142060 |
σi2 | 141995 | 141966 | 142000 | 141986 | 142071 | 142048 | 142027 | 142039 | 142045 | 142040 |
BLUPs | Marzak | 129080 | Icarachaz | Louiza | 142074 | 142009 | 129081 | 142005 | Faraj | 142061 |
Bi | 142012 | 142044 | 142073 | 142068 | 142072 | 141970 | 142042 | Marzak | 142053 | 141996 |
S2di | 142001 | 142000 | 141995 | 141966 | 142071 | 142039 | 142003 | 141986 | 142040 | 142069 |
CV | 142015 | 142001 | 141972 | 142000 | Marzak | 141969 | 142055 | 142066 | 142014 | 141976 |
WAASY | 141986 | 142045 | Louiza | 141966 | 142009 | 142027 | 141995 | Marzak | 142040 | 129080 |
ASV | 142045 | 142063 | 142032 | 142040 | 141986 | 142046 | 142027 | 142012 | 141989 | 142053 |
SIPC | 142008 | 142071 | 142001 | 142068 | 142015 | 141995 | 141966 | 142032 | 141986 | 142040 |
Undesirable | ||||||||||
Rank | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 |
Pi | 142067 | 142007 | 142072 | 142003 | 142062 | 142039 | 142057 | 141984 | 84859 | 141972 |
EV | 142005 | 141994 | 142064 | 142060 | 129081 | Icarachaz | 141997 | 129080 | 142026 | 142013 |
GAI | 141972 | 142057 | 142039 | 142072 | 142062 | 142003 | 84859 | 141999 | 141970 | 141979 |
σi2 | 142005 | 142061 | 141990 | 142007 | 142026 | 129081 | 142067 | 141972 | Icarachaz | 142013 |
BLUPs | 141999 | 142072 | 141984 | 141979 | 141972 | 142039 | 142062 | 142057 | 84859 | 142003 |
Bi | 142056 | 141997 | 141984 | 142013 | 142007 | 142001 | 129080 | 142057 | 84859 | 141972 |
S2di | 142064 | 142026 | 142044 | 142073 | 141999 | Icarachaz | 141990 | 142061 | 129081 | 142067 |
CV | 135226 | 141999 | 142003 | 142013 | 141990 | 142062 | 142064 | 141979 | 142072 | 141970 |
WAASY | 141970 | 141984 | 142062 | 141999 | 141979 | 142057 | 84859 | 142067 | 142007 | 141972 |
ASV | 129080 | 142060 | 142056 | 142013 | 142005 | 141984 | 142007 | 129081 | 141972 | 142067 |
SIPC | 129081 | 142026 | Marzak | 142064 | 141991 | 142007 | 142013 | 142067 | 142061 | Icarachaz |
Desirable | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Si1 | 141984 | 142044 | 142053 | cham5’S | 142056 | 142067 | 142071 | 141976 | 142055 | 141969 |
Si2 | 141966 | 141995 | 142000 | 142071 | 141986 | 141996 | 142048 | 142069 | 142053 | 142018 |
Si3 | 141995 | 142009 | 129080 | Marzak | 142039 | Faraj | 141996 | 142053 | 142060 | 142005 |
Si6 | 129080 | Marzak | 142053 | 142009 | 141995 | 142060 | Faraj | 142005 | 141996 | 141966 |
Undesirable | ||||||||||
Rank | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 |
Si1 | 142040 | Icarachaz | Marzak | 142008 | 142045 | 142063 | 142068 | 141972 | 141990 | 142032 |
Si2 | 142007 | 142066 | 129081 | 141984 | 141990 | 142026 | Icarachaz | 141972 | 142067 | 142013 |
Si3 | 142063 | 142006 | 141984 | 142064 | 142057 | 142067 | 142062 | 142072 | 142007 | 141972 |
Si6 | 142003 | 141990 | 84859 | 142067 | 142057 | 142072 | 142062 | 142007 | 141972 | 141984 |
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Aberkane, H.; Amri, A.; Belkadi, B.; Filali-Maltouf, A.; Valkoun, J.; Kehel, Z. Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101992
Aberkane H, Amri A, Belkadi B, Filali-Maltouf A, Valkoun J, Kehel Z. Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments. Agronomy. 2021; 11(10):1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101992
Chicago/Turabian StyleAberkane, Hafid, Ahmed Amri, Bouchra Belkadi, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, Jan Valkoun, and Zakaria Kehel. 2021. "Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments" Agronomy 11, no. 10: 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101992