Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Experimental Design
2.2. Planting and Maintenance
2.3. Tree Size
2.4. Fruit Production and Efficiency
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tree Size
3.2. Fruit Production and Efficiency
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Rootstock Identification | Parents | Origin |
---|---|---|
SSW1 | Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka × [C. × paradisi Macfad. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] cv. Swingle | Obtained by Citrolima Nursery, Casa Branca-SP, Brazil |
SC4 and SC7 | C. sunki × C. × limonia Osbeck | Obtained by Citrolima Nursery, Casa Branca-SP, Brazil |
506, 530, 535, 539, 543, 568, 575, 582, 596 and 602 | C. sunki × P. trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Itô) Swingle cv. Flying Dragon | Obtained by Citrolima Nursery, Casa Branca-SP, Brazil |
IAC 1710 | C. reticulata Blanco cv. Changsha × P. trifoliata cv. English Small | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
Cleo × English | C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka × P. trifoliata cv. English | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
Cleo × Rubidoux | C. reshni × P. trifoliata cv. Rubidoux | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
IAC 1697 | C. sunki × P. trifoliata cv. Benecke | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
C7 and C38 | C. × sinensis (L.) Osbeck × P. trifoliata | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
F.80-8 | C. × paradisi × P. trifoliata | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
Barnes | P. trifoliata | Accession of the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil |
4× SW | Tetraploid selection of Swingle citrumelo | Seedlings selected in the farm’s nursery based on morphological traits according to [29] |
Tropical Sunki (control treatment) | Putative nucellar embryo mutant of C. sunki | Obtained by Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas-BA, Brazil |
Rootstock | H | Dm | V | CSI1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
------------ (m) ------------ | ------------ (m) ------------ | ------------ (m3) ------------ | ||||||||
2016 | 2017 | 2021 | 2016 | 2017 | 2021 | 2016 | 2017 | 2021 | ||
506 | 2.79 b | 2.83 d | 3.84 c | 2.51 e | 2.78 c | 3.68 d | 9.29 c | 11.55 d | 27.65 d | 1.06 a |
530 | 3.04 a | 3.13 b | 4.13 b | 2.92 b | 3.16 a | 4.53 b | 13.54 a | 16.24 b | 44.53 b | 0.98 b |
535 | 2.85 b | 3.45 a | 4.45 a | 2.85 c | 3.20 a | 4.79 a | 12.22 b | 18.41 a | 53.53 a | 1.00 b |
539 | 2.93 b | 3.23 b | 4.02 b | 2.79 d | 3.03 b | 4.48 b | 11.97 b | 15.50 c | 42.40 b | 1.00 b |
543 | 2.91 b | 2.83 d | 4.08 b | 2.79 d | 2.94 b | 4.38 b | 11.91 b | 12.81 d | 41.04 b | 0.98 b |
568 | 2.97 a | 3.40 a | 4.43 a | 3.02 a | 3.20 a | 3.98 c | 14.25 a | 18.11 a | 36.66 c | 1.05 a |
575 | 2.88 b | 3.07 c | 4.12 b | 2.93 b | 3.02 b | 4.39 b | 12.98 b | 14.61 c | 41.66 b | 0.98 b |
582 | 2.55 c | 2.94 d | 3.83 c | 2.67 d | 2.98 b | 4.22 c | 9.60 c | 13.65 d | 35.87 c | 0.95 c |
596 | 2.95 a | 3.13 b | 4.38 a | 2.86 c | 3.03 b | 4.23 c | 12.70 b | 15.02 c | 40.92 b | 1.03 a |
602 | 3.11 a | 3.09 c | 4.18 b | 2.93 b | 3.28 a | 4.36 b | 13.96 a | 17.32 a | 42.16 b | 0.99 b |
4× SW | 2.32 d | 2.48 f | 3.09 e | 2.13 f | 2.50 d | 2.73 e | 5.58 d | 8.22 e | 12.29 e | 1.08 a |
Barnes | 3.10 a | 3.06 c | 3.75 c | 3.03 a | 3.21 a | 3.52 d | 14.92 a | 16.44 b | 24.45 d | 1.02 a |
C38 | 2.86 b | 3.49 a | 4.12 b | 2.84 c | 3.23 a | 4.09 c | 12.12 b | 18.93 a | 36.42 c | 1.03 a |
C7 | 2.80 b | 3.10 c | 4.12 b | 2.89 c | 3.18 a | 3.98 c | 12.31 b | 16.20 b | 34.54 c | 1.00 b |
Cleo × English | 2.83 b | 2.87 d | 3.88 c | 2.92 b | 3.13 a | 3.94 c | 12.64 b | 14.55 c | 31.70 c | 0.96 c |
Cleo × Rubidoux | 2.93 b | 2.62 e | 3.38 d | 2.88 c | 2.98 b | 3.51 d | 12.83 b | 12.11 d | 22.64 d | 0.95 c |
F.80-8 | 2.88 b | 3.23 b | 3.89 c | 2.96 b | 3.15 a | 3.47 d | 13.23 a | 16.66 b | 24.72 d | 1.04 a |
IAC 1697 | 2.81 b | 2.62 e | 4.06 b | 3.03 a | 2.98 b | 3.98 c | 13.49 a | 12.11 d | 33.92 c | 0.95 c |
IAC 1710 | 2.99 a | 3.20 b | 4.38 a | 2.92 b | 3.13 a | 4.15 c | 13.36 a | 16.28 b | 39.74 b | 1.04 a |
SC4 | 2.85 b | 3.08 c | 4.05 b | 2.92 b | 3.19 a | 4.46 b | 12.78 b | 16.33 b | 42.22 b | 0.95 c |
SC7 | 2.99 a | 3.07 c | 4.12 b | 2.77 d | 3.09 b | 4.40 b | 12.06 b | 15.37 c | 42.59 b | 1.00 b |
SSW1 | 3.02 a | 2.99 c | 3.79 c | 3.01 a | 3.15 a | 4.08 c | 14.37 a | 15.45 c | 33.30 c | 0.96 c |
Tropical Sunki (control treatment) | 2.92 b | 3.45 a | 4.58 a | 3.05 a | 3.20 a | 4.06 c | 14.20 a | 18.41 a | 39.75 b | 1.06 a |
p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
CV% | 5.78 | 5.40 | 7.04 | 5.20 | 3.83 | 6.77 | 12.69 | 8.84 | 17.15 | 2.52 |
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Girardi, E.A.; Ayres, A.J.; Girotto, L.F.; Peña, L. Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122533
Girardi EA, Ayres AJ, Girotto LF, Peña L. Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate. Agronomy. 2021; 11(12):2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122533
Chicago/Turabian StyleGirardi, Eduardo Augusto, Antonio Juliano Ayres, Luiz Fernando Girotto, and Leandro Peña. 2021. "Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate" Agronomy 11, no. 12: 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122533