An Overview on Traditional vs. Green Technology of Extraction Methods for Producing High Quality Walnut Oil
, Amir Gull 1, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi 1, Adil Gani 1, Jasia Nissar 1, Tehmeena Ahad 1, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik 2, Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram 3, Béla Kovács 3, József Prokisch 3, Hassan El-Ramady 3,4,* and Svein Øivind Solberg 5,*
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
The manuscript is interesting, it collects data from the existing literature on walnut oil extraction methods, however, I have some observations
- Why in line 24 do the authors write (MUFA and PUFA) for saturated and unsaturated acids?
- It is rare that the chemical composition of oils defined in Table 1 are exact values. Are they averages? Do they have no standard deviation?
- What do you mean by this? Line 143 -145. The existence of gamma-tocopherol in examined walnut oils is not established [24]. The availability of high levels of gamma-tocopherol in walnut oil provides some protection against oxidation.
- The text between lines 150 to 160 is incomprehensible.
- The text between lines 161 to 168 look like loose, unconnected sentences. There are several parts of this manuscript with this problem
- There are punctuation marks where there should not be, for example in line 407-409, there is a point after the percentage sign and the sentence continues: The results showed that microwave assisted extraction with a mixture of petroleum ether and acetone yielded a 24.1% oil 408 extraction yield, which was 24.5 %. less effective than solvent extraction.
- Improve table 2, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are not understood because the cells of table are not well defined.
- The operating variables of walnut oil extraction technologies must be clearly defined
Author Response
Wang, Y.; Luo, X.; Song, X.; Guo, W.; Yu, K.; Yang, C.; Qu, F. Turning waste into treasure: Carbonized walnut shell for solar-driven water evaporation. Mater. Lett., 2022, 307, 131057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131057.
Jahanban-Esfahlan, A.; Jahanban-Esfahlan, R.; Tabibiazar, M.; Roufegarinejadg, L.; Amarowicz, R. Recent advances in the use of walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell as a valuable plant-based bio-sorbent for the removal of hazardous materials. RSC Adv., 2020, 7026, 10, 7026–7047.
Goklani, B.; Prapurna, N.P.V; Srinath, S. Simulation of pyrolytic conversion of Walnut shell waste to value added products. Mater. Today, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.024.
Dudek, M.; Adamczyk, B.; Sitarz, M.; Åšliwa, M.; Lach, R.; Skrzypkiewicz, M.; Raźniak, A.; ZiÄ…bka, M.; ZuwaÅ‚a, J.; Grzywacz, P. The usefulness of walnut shells as waste biomass fuels in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2018, 119, 144–154. Doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.09.026
Fernández-Agulló, A.; Freire, M.S.; Ramírez-López, C.; Fernández-Moya, J.; González-Álvarez, J. Valorization of residual walnut biomass from forest management and wood processing for the production of bioactive compounds. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2021, 11, 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00598-9
Salehi-Amiri, A.; Zahedi, A.; Akbapour, N.; Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. Designing a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network for walnut industry. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 2021, 141, 110821. Doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110821
Rébufa, C.; Artaud, J.; Le Dréau, Y. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil chemical composition depending on variety, locality, extraction process and storage conditions: A comprehensive review. J. Food Compos. Anal., 2022, 110, 104534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104534.
Gao, P.; Ding, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Zhong, W.; Hu, C.; He, D.; Wang, X. Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Oil Using Various Pretreatment and Processing Technologies. Foods 2022, 11, 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11121698
Soto-Maldonado, C.; Caballero-Valdés, E.; Santis-Bernal, J.; Jara-Quezada, J.; Fuentes-Viveros, L.; María Elvira Zúñiga-Hansen, M.E. Potential of solid wastes from the walnut industry: Extraction conditions to evaluate the antioxidant and bioherbicidal activities. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 2022, 58, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.04.005.
Tiwari, S.K.; Bystrzejewski, M.; De Adhikari, A.; Huczko, A.; Nannan Wang, N. Methods for the conversion of biomass waste into value-added carbon nanomaterials: Recent progress and applications. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 2022, 92, 101023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101023.
Xu, H.; Han, Y.; Wang, G.; Deng, P.; Feng, L. Walnut shell biochar based sorptive remediation of estrogens polluted simulated wastewater: Characterization, adsorption mechanism and degradation by persistent free radicals. Environ. Technol. Innov., 2022, 28, 102870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102870.
Kumar, A.; Bhattacharya, T.; Shaikh, A.; Chakraborty, S.; Owens, G.; Naushad, M.; Valorization of fruit waste-based biochar for arsenic removal in soils, Environmental Research, 2022, 213, 113710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113710.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
In this study, Walnut oil extracted methods and their important components using traditional as well as new and green technologies methods have been reviewed, demonstrating the significant benefits over previous approaches. It is critical to select a suitable extraction process for the compounds of interest. The manuscript is still subject to some revision before publication.
1.The abbreviation of MUFA and PUFA in the abstract should be written in full for the first time.
2.“Pectic compounds make up roughly 2% of the anhydro-galacturonic acid in the edible section of walnuts. Pectic compounds, which are a type of dietary fiber, are primarily galacturonic acid polymers that can have a variety of physiological and nutritional effects, including hypo-cholesterolemic effects, enhanced fecal sterol excretion, and the ability to bind bile salts. The walnut kernels contain substantial amounts of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and iron. Vitamins are abundant in walnut kernels.” This paragraph describes the chemical composition in walnut oil that should explain what is relevant to the topic.
3.Full text checks for punctuation, units and formats.
4.In Table 2, “The disadvantage of solvent extraction is:No need for agitation to accelerate extraction process.” Solvent extraction should always be possible with a rotor for magnetic stirring.
5.Whether can the extraction conditions and extraction rates of various methods be supplemented in Table 2?
Author Response
Reviewer 2#
Comments and Suggestions for Authors
In this study, Walnut oil extracted methods and their important components using traditional as well as new and green technologies methods have been reviewed, demonstrating the significant benefits over previous approaches. It is critical to select a suitable extraction process for the compounds of interest. The manuscript is still subject to some revision before publication.
Response: thanks!
1.The abbreviation of MUFA and PUFA in the abstract should be written in full for the first time.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
2.“Pectic compounds make up roughly 2% of the anhydro-galacturonic acid in the edible section of walnuts. Pectic compounds, which are a type of dietary fiber, are primarily galacturonic acid polymers that can have a variety of physiological and nutritional effects, including hypo-cholesterolemic effects, enhanced fecal sterol excretion, and the ability to bind bile salts. The walnut kernels contain substantial amounts of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and iron. Vitamins are abundant in walnut kernels.” This paragraph describes the chemical composition in walnut oil that should explain what is relevant to the topic.
Response: This suggestion is best. I have removed this sentence from the manuscript as it describes the walnut kernel property instead of walnut oil, thanks!
3.Full text checks for punctuation, units and formats.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
4.In Table 2, “The disadvantage of solvent extraction is:No need for agitation to accelerate extraction process.” Solvent extraction should always be possible with a rotor for magnetic stirring.
Response: Non-agitated (packed and sieve plate) columns are frequently used in liquid-liquid extraction operations due to their high throughput, high separation, thanks!
5.Whether can the extraction conditions and extraction rates of various methods be supplemented in Table 2?
Response: Yes, of course I searched and reviewed a lot of papers but I didn’t get the extraction rates of each extraction method., thanks!
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 3 Report
This review article has synthesized all available information on walnut oil extraction. The advantages, disadvantages and working principles of traditional and organic extraction techniques have also been evaluated. I suggest the following comments to the authors to further improve the quality of the article.
-Line 23 and 24: describe what MUFA and PUFA stand for. The following sentence "It is low in saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) and high in unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA)," could also be rewritten as follows: "It is low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA)", in order to avoid repeating MUFA and PUFA.
-Line 25: citing some of the vital nutrients
-Line 33 and 34 (Keywords): sort them alphabetically.
-Line 117: a parenthesis is missing at the end of the title of Table 1. I suggest separating ºC from the number as it does not look correct and can be misleading. In the table header put Walnut oil instead of Walnut.
-Line 118: delete
-Line 149: add the sign - to μg g-1 to read as follows: μg-g-1. Do the same on line 150.
-Line 180 (3.1. Cold Press Extraction): if possible put it on the next sheet so that the title of the subsection does not remain on one sheet and the text on the next. The subsections should be in italics, as shown in the Agronomy template.
-Line 227: remove the bold from Figure 1.
-Line 231 and 232: in the schematic, in the Cold Pressed Filtered Walnut Oil part there is a shadow on the left. Please remove it whenever possible. Also extend the box minimally so that the Filter label does not appear choppy. Regarding the figure caption, bold Figure 1.
-Line 268: italicize v:v
-Line 292: what does 1550C mean? Does C correspond to the temperature?
-Line 367: put in bold Figure 2. Also take this into account in the rest of the figures. Also, according to the Agronomy template manuscript, figure and table captions are preceded by . and not :
-Line 463: remove the bold from table 2. Revise it throughout the manuscript, both in tables and figures.
-Line 478: the author is cited followed by the number. Please, put it correctly.
-Line 480 (table 2): Bold the table titles, as well as each extraction technology. I suggest schematizing the table, removing words such as uses, consumes, may be, etc. It would also be convenient to separate the different categories.
-Lines 502 and 503: remove this section or if left, put it as number 12 and not 6.
Regards,
Author Response
Reviewer 3#
Comments and Suggestions for Authors
This review article has synthesized all available information on walnut oil extraction. The advantages, disadvantages and working principles of traditional and organic extraction techniques have also been evaluated. I suggest the following comments to the authors to further improve the quality of the article.
1-Line 23 and 24: describe what MUFA and PUFA stand for. The following sentence "It is low in saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) and high in unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA)," could also be rewritten as follows: "It is low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA)", in order to avoid repeating MUFA and PUFA.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
2-Line 25: citing some of the vital nutrients
Response: done, thanks!
3-Line 33 and 34 (Keywords): sort them alphabetically.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
4-Line 117: a parenthesis is missing at the end of the title of Table 1. I suggest separating ºC from the number as it does not look correct and can be misleading. In the table header put Walnut oil instead of Walnut.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
5-Line 118: delete
Response: Needful done, thanks!
6-Line 149: add the sign - to μg g-1 to read as follows: μg-g-1. Do the same on line 150.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
7-Line 180 (3.1. Cold Press Extraction): if possible, put it on the next sheet so that the title of the subsection does not remain on one sheet and the text on the next. The subsections should be in italics, as shown in the Agronomy template.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
8-Line 227: remove the bold from Figure 1.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
9-Line 231 and 232: in the schematic, in the Cold Pressed Filtered Walnut Oil part there is a shadow on the left. Please remove it whenever possible. Also extend the box minimally so that the Filter label does not appear choppy. Regarding the figure caption, bold Figure 1.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
10-Line 268: italicize v:v
Response: Needful done, thanks!
11-Line 292: what does 1550C mean? Does C correspond to the temperature?
Response: 1550 C, yes it corresponds to temperature. Needful done, thanks!
12-Line 367: put in bold Figure 2. Also take this into account in the rest of the figures. Also, according to the Agronomy template manuscript, figure and table captions are preceded by . and not :
Response: Needful done, thanks!
13-Line 463: remove the bold from table 2. Revise it throughout the manuscript, both in tables and figures.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
14-Line 478: the author is cited followed by the number. Please, put it correctly.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
15-Line 480 (table 2): Bold the table titles, as well as each extraction technology. I suggest schematizing the table, removing words such as uses, consumes, may be, etc. It would also be convenient to separate the different categories.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
16-Lines 502 and 503: remove this section or if left, put it as number 12 and not 6.
Response: Needful done, thanks!
Regards,
Response: Thanks a lot!
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
