Leaching of Sulfadiazine and Florfenicol in an Entisol of a Chicken-Raising Orchard: Impact of Manure-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Study Site and Experimental Setup
2.3. Sampling and Data Collection
2.3.1. Rainfall Events and Field Lysimeter Leachate
2.3.2. Chicken Manure-DOM Extraction and Column Experiments
2.4. Analyses
2.4.1. Sample Analysis
2.4.2. Mass Flux of SDZ and FFC
2.5. Modelling
2.5.1. One-Dimensional Transport and Sorption Parameters
2.5.2. Two-Site Nonequilibrium Adsorption Model
2.5.3. Two Kinetic Site Model
2.5.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Soil Water Flow Dynamics Corresponding to Natural Rainfall Events
3.2. Mass Flux of Sulfadiazine and Florfenicol in Lysimeter Leachate
3.3. EEM-PARAFAC Components during Rainfall Events
3.4. Response of Antibiotics Mass Flux to DOC and Optical Indices of DOM
3.5. FFC and SZD Breakthrough Curves in Repacked Soil Columns
3.6. Simulated SDZ and FFC Breakthrough Curves
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rainfall Events | Rainfall Amount | Duration | Maximum Intensity | Preceded Dry Days | Average Leachate Discharge per 15 min (cm3 h–1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (h) | (mm/15 min) | (days) | Plot A | Plot B | Plot C | |
12 August 2020 | 17.2 | 4 | 32.8 | 3 | 68.13 | 165.31 | 4.06 |
13 August 2020 | 46.6 | 17 | 28.8 | 1 | 104.06 | 89.14 | 28.75 |
15 August 2020 | 16 | 5 | 22.4 | 2 | 145.50 | 226 | 35 |
18 August 2020 | 20.2 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 77.73 | 190.91 | 51.59 |
Samples | Sand | Texture | pH | OC | DOC | CEC | ρ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silt | Clay | (-) | (g kg−1) | (mg L−1) | (cmol kg−1) | (g cm−3) | ||
Orchard soil | 30% | 66% | 4% | 7.98 ± 0.14 | 15.52 ± 1.11 | 38.2 ± 0.54 | 18.2 ± 0.64 | 1.49 ± 0.10 |
Chicken manure | ND | ND | ND | 7.28 ± 0.20 | 486.25 ± 2.56 | 7977 ± 3.24 | 53.41 ± 0.84 | ND |
Antibiotics | Column | ka1 (min–1) | ka2 (min–1) | kd1 (min–1) | kd2 (min–1) | R2 | RMSE | EM% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDZ | Control | 4.78 × 10−3 (±8.70 × 10−4) | 0.36 (±0.02) | 5.24 × 10−4 (±8.9 × 10−5) | 1.13 (±0.02) | 0.988 | 5.31 × 10−2 | 95.70 |
SDZ | Pre-coated | 0.025725 (±0.01) | 1.55 × 10−3 (±2.3 × 10−4) | 4.20 × 10−3 (±8.8 × 10−4) | 1.15 × 10−6 (±6.49 × 10−5) | 0.990 | 1.61 × 10−2 | 84.07 |
SDZ | Co-transport | 0.033289 (±3.7 × 10−3) | 6.07 × 10−4 (±2.75 × 10−5) | 1.16 × 10−6 (±3.20 × 10−5) | 6.58 × 10−4 (±1.60 × 10−5) | 0.995 | 1.21 × 10−2 | 91.64 |
FFC | Control | 8.35 × 10 – 4 (±3.18 × 10−5) | 0.16(±0.06) | 3.36 × 10−5 (±1.18 × 10−4) | 0.32491 (±2.9 × 10−3) | 0.973 | 7.87 × 10−2 | 89.21 |
FFC | Pre-coated | 0.03 (±4.00 × 10−3) | 1.28 × 10−3 (±8.99 × 10−5) | 3.46 × 10−4 (±7.98 × 10−5) | 1.23 × 10 − 5 (±5.29 × 10−5) | 0.987 | 1.85 × 10−2 | 81.32 |
FFC | Co-transport | 0.05 (±4.95 × 10−3) | 1.73 × 10−3 (±9.83 × 10−5) | 9.46 × 10−6 (±2.61 × 10−5) | 3.16 × 10−4 (±3.02 × 10−5) | 0.989 | 3.73 × 10−2 | 81.13 |
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Gbadegesin, L.A.; Liu, X.; Tang, X.; Liu, C.; Cui, J. Leaching of Sulfadiazine and Florfenicol in an Entisol of a Chicken-Raising Orchard: Impact of Manure-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter. Agronomy 2022, 12, 3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123228
Gbadegesin LA, Liu X, Tang X, Liu C, Cui J. Leaching of Sulfadiazine and Florfenicol in an Entisol of a Chicken-Raising Orchard: Impact of Manure-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter. Agronomy. 2022; 12(12):3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123228
Chicago/Turabian StyleGbadegesin, Lanre Anthony, Xinyu Liu, Xiangyu Tang, Chen Liu, and Junfang Cui. 2022. "Leaching of Sulfadiazine and Florfenicol in an Entisol of a Chicken-Raising Orchard: Impact of Manure-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter" Agronomy 12, no. 12: 3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123228