Effect of the Forecast Air Temperature Change on the Water Needs of Vines in the Region of Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Grapevine Water Needs Calculation
- ETo = reference evapotranspiration (mm);
- n = number of days in the month;
- p = coefficients of evaporation according to Doorenbos and Pruitt [55] for the individual months of the grapevine growing season;
- t = monthly average air temperature (°C).
- ETp = potential (crop) evapotranspiration (mm);
- ETo = reference evapotranspiration (mm);
- kc = crop coefficient being the ratio of evapotranspiration measured in conditions of sufficient soil humidity to reference evapotranspiration according to Łabędzki [60].
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Months of Grapevine Growing Season | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
May | June | July | August | September | |
Crop coefficient | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.85 |
Indicator | Months | Irrigation Period | Growing Season | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May | June | July | August | September | |||
1981–2010 | |||||||
Mean (mm) | 47.8 | 87.4 | 115.5 | 104.0 | 59.6 | 354.7 | 414.3 |
Minimum (mm) | 39.0 | 80.2 | 102.6 | 91.3 | 50.5 | 328.0 | 385.8 |
Maximum (mm) | 54.7 | 96.3 | 132.6 | 114.6 | 69.9 | 381.0 | 440.2 |
Median (mm) | 48.4 | 88.2 | 115.9 | 104.4 | 59.8 | 356.6 | 414.4 |
Standard Deviation | 3.4 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 12.3 | 14.6 |
Coefficient of Variation (%) | 6.9 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 7.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
2021–2050 | |||||||
Mean (mm) | 45.3 | 88.4 | 120.6 | 113.6 | 68.6 | 367.9 | 436.6 |
Minimum (mm) | 35.5 | 74.8 | 104.2 | 96.9 | 60.0 | 327.7 | 396.3 |
Maximum (mm) | 58.3 | 102.3 | 133.6 | 128.3 | 76.2 | 403.6 | 479.8 |
Median (mm) | 44.7 | 88.4 | 120.6 | 113.6 | 68.0 | 370.0 | 437.6 |
Standard Deviation | 5.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 19.8 | 22.2 |
Coefficient of Variation (%) | 12.4 | 8.2 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
Month/Period | Reference Years | Forecast Years |
---|---|---|
Linear correlation coefficient (r) | ||
May | 0.116 ns | 0.151 ns |
June | 0.230 ns | 0.207 ns |
July | 0.237 ns | 0.047 ns |
August | 0.174 ns | 0.392 * |
September | 0.123 ns | 0.100 ns |
May–September | 0.263 ns | 0.224 ns |
May–August | 0.261 ns | 0.274 ns |
June–August | 0.299 ns | 0.287 ns |
July–August | 0.259 ns | 0.251 ns |
Tendency of water needs (mm decade−1) | ||
May | 0.45 | 0.98 |
June | 1.09 | 1.73 |
July | 2.02 | 0.39 |
August | 1.06 | 3.17 |
September | 0.65 | –0.52 |
May–September | 4.37 | 5.70 |
May–August | 3.72 | 6.27 |
June–August | 4.17 | 5.29 |
July–August | 3.08 | 3.56 |
Years | Period | ||
---|---|---|---|
May–September | June–August | August | |
1981–2010 | 414 | 306 | 104 |
2021–2050 | 437 | 323 | 114 |
(2021–2050)–(1981–2010) | +23 | +17 | +10 |
Change (%) | +6 | +6 | +10 |
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Jagosz, B.; Rolbiecki, S.; Rolbiecki, R.; Ptach, W.; Sadan, H.A.; Kasperska-Wołowicz, W.; Pal-Fam, F.; Atilgan, A. Effect of the Forecast Air Temperature Change on the Water Needs of Vines in the Region of Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071561
Jagosz B, Rolbiecki S, Rolbiecki R, Ptach W, Sadan HA, Kasperska-Wołowicz W, Pal-Fam F, Atilgan A. Effect of the Forecast Air Temperature Change on the Water Needs of Vines in the Region of Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland. Agronomy. 2022; 12(7):1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071561
Chicago/Turabian StyleJagosz, Barbara, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Roman Rolbiecki, Wiesław Ptach, Hicran A. Sadan, Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz, Ferenc Pal-Fam, and Atilgan Atilgan. 2022. "Effect of the Forecast Air Temperature Change on the Water Needs of Vines in the Region of Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland" Agronomy 12, no. 7: 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071561