Effect of Biochar Amendments on the Co-Composting of Food Waste and Livestock Manure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Feedstock Preparation and Experimental Design
2.2. Physicochemical Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Changes in the Temperature, pH, and EC
3.2. Changes in Bulk Density and Porosity
3.3. Changes in the C:N Ratio
3.4. Variations in CO2 Emission
3.5. Effect on Nitrogen Conservation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | FW | CM | SM | Sawdust | Biochar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 20% (1.6 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | Control |
T2 | 40% (3.2 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | Control |
T3 | 60% (4.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 Kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | Control |
T4 | 20% (1.6 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 17% (1.36 kg) | 3% (0.24 kg) |
T5 | 40% (3.2 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 17% (1.36 kg) | 3% (0.24 kg) |
T6 | 60% (4.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 Kg) | 17% (1.36 kg) | 3% (0.24 kg) |
T7 | 20% (1.6 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 30% (2.4 kg) | 15% (1.2 kg) | 5% (0.40 Kg) |
T8 | 40% (3.2 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 20% (1.6 kg) | 15% (1.2 kg) | 5% (0.40 Kg) |
T9 | 60% (4.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 kg) | 10% (0.8 Kg) | 15% (1.2 kg) | 5% (0.40 Kg) |
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Chung, W.; Shim, J.; Chang, S.W.; Ravindran, B. Effect of Biochar Amendments on the Co-Composting of Food Waste and Livestock Manure. Agronomy 2023, 13, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010035
Chung W, Shim J, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Effect of Biochar Amendments on the Co-Composting of Food Waste and Livestock Manure. Agronomy. 2023; 13(1):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010035
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, Woojin, Jaehong Shim, Soon Woong Chang, and Balasubramani Ravindran. 2023. "Effect of Biochar Amendments on the Co-Composting of Food Waste and Livestock Manure" Agronomy 13, no. 1: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010035