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Article

Characterization of Lupin Cultivars Based on Phenotypical, Molecular and Metabolomic Analyses

by
Athanasios Mavromatis
1,
Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
1,
Alexios Polidoros
1,
Zoi Parissi
2,
Eleni Tani
3,*,
Maria Irakli
4,
Konstantinos A. Aliferis
5,6,
Ioannis Zafeiriou
1,
Photini V. Mylona
4,
Efi Sarri
3,
Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
5,
Rafail Tagiakas
1,
Leonidas Kougiteas
3,
Stavroula Kostoula
1 and
Eleni M. Abraham
2,*
1
Laboratory of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Laboratory of Range Science, Department of Forestry & Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Laboratory of Plant Breeding & Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
4
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 57001 Thermi, Greece
5
Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
6
Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020370
Submission received: 31 December 2022 / Revised: 20 January 2023 / Accepted: 24 January 2023 / Published: 27 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward a "Green Revolution" for Crop Breeding)
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Abstract

Lupins are an important source of protein that could replace soybeans in the diet of ruminants and monogastrics, without reducing their performance. Lupinus albus (L. albus) is the main species of the genus Lupinus that is cultivated in the Mediterranean region. The aim of the present research was to study commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines of L. albus by using phenotypical, molecular and biochemical data, in order to be used in breeding projects. Seven commercial cultivars (Estoril, Fas Sweet, Multitalia, Magnus, Orus, Ulysse Sulimo and Figaro) and three advanced lines from the company AGROLAND (LKML, LKAP and LKAU) were used. Eleven morphological traits were described using UPOV Guidelines (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). Additionally, agronomical traits and yield components were measured. Regarding the nutritional value, grain samples were analyzed for N and the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), total alkaloids (TA), total phenolic content (TP), total tannins content (TT) and condensed tannins (CT) were calculated. Genetic diversity among genetic materials was assessed by SSRs molecular markers. The metabolomic analysis for four selected cultivars (Figaro, Magnus, Multitalia and Sulimo) was performed on the seeds with the GC/EI/MS technique. According to the results, the advanced lines were most productive but also with higher content of total alkaloids than the commercial cultivars. The only exception was the cultivar Multitalia that was characterized by a high content of alkaloids. Based on the SSRs, the cultivars Magnus, Orus and Estoril were grouped together while the breeding lines LKAP, LICML and LKAU were grouped with Multitalia. Regarding the metabolomic profile, the cultivars Multitalia and Magnus were together, while Sulimo was grouped with Figaro. Finally, the content of several beneficial metabolites for human and animal nutrition was significantly increased in Sulimo and Figaro, compared to Magnus and Multitalia. Both commercial varieties and lines have characteristics that can be exploited and used in breeding programs.
Keywords: Lupinus albus; phenotypical traits; physicochemical analysis; molecular analysis; alkaloids; metabolomics Lupinus albus; phenotypical traits; physicochemical analysis; molecular analysis; alkaloids; metabolomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mavromatis, A.; Nianiou-Obeidat, I.; Polidoros, A.; Parissi, Z.; Tani, E.; Irakli, M.; Aliferis, K.A.; Zafeiriou, I.; Mylona, P.V.; Sarri, E.; et al. Characterization of Lupin Cultivars Based on Phenotypical, Molecular and Metabolomic Analyses. Agronomy 2023, 13, 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020370

AMA Style

Mavromatis A, Nianiou-Obeidat I, Polidoros A, Parissi Z, Tani E, Irakli M, Aliferis KA, Zafeiriou I, Mylona PV, Sarri E, et al. Characterization of Lupin Cultivars Based on Phenotypical, Molecular and Metabolomic Analyses. Agronomy. 2023; 13(2):370. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020370

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mavromatis, Athanasios, Irini Nianiou-Obeidat, Alexios Polidoros, Zoi Parissi, Eleni Tani, Maria Irakli, Konstantinos A. Aliferis, Ioannis Zafeiriou, Photini V. Mylona, Efi Sarri, and et al. 2023. "Characterization of Lupin Cultivars Based on Phenotypical, Molecular and Metabolomic Analyses" Agronomy 13, no. 2: 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020370

APA Style

Mavromatis, A., Nianiou-Obeidat, I., Polidoros, A., Parissi, Z., Tani, E., Irakli, M., Aliferis, K. A., Zafeiriou, I., Mylona, P. V., Sarri, E., Papadopoulou, E.-A., Tagiakas, R., Kougiteas, L., Kostoula, S., & Abraham, E. M. (2023). Characterization of Lupin Cultivars Based on Phenotypical, Molecular and Metabolomic Analyses. Agronomy, 13(2), 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020370

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