Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates of Key Shea Fruit Traits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
Source | D.F | Mean Square | Expected Mean Square |
Replications | |||
Genotype | |||
Error |
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Variation
3.2. Multivariate Analysis
3.2.1. Principal Component Analysis
3.2.2. Morphological Clustering
3.2.3. Correlation among Traits
3.3. Qualitative Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | Location | ID | Location | ID | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRIG 189 | Bawku | CRIG 104 | Bole | CRIG KA 87 | Bole |
G6 | Bawku | CRIG 105 | Bole | CRIG KA 24 | Bole |
G2 | Bawku | CRIG R1NBT3 | Bole | CRIG KA 21 | Bole |
CRIG PHBA 43 | Bole | CRIG R2CT1 | Bole | CRIG 91 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 54 | Bole | CRIG R2CT2 | Bole | CRIG 90 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 28 | Bole | CRIG R1ENT4 | Bole | CRIG 293 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 50 | Bole | CRIG R2EBT1 | Bole | CRIG 84 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 37 | Bole | CRIG R2NBT1 | Bole | CRIG 86 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 51 | Bole | CRIG KRAAL | Bole | CRIG 85 | Damongo |
CRIG PHBA 25 | Bole | CRIG J48 | Bole | CRIG 95 | Kintampo |
CRIG P1R1T5 | Bole | CRIG J47 | Bole | CRIG 94 | Kintampo |
CRIG EA 1 | Bole | CRIG GMSA | Bole | CRIG 93 | Kintampo |
CRIG EA 4 | Bole | CRIG MB 13 | Bole | CRIG 15 | Kintampo |
CRIG RH 1 | Bole | CRIG MB 16 | Bole | CRIG 17 | Kintampo |
CRIG LAB C | Bole | CRIG MB 5 | Bole | CRIG 64 | Kintampo |
CRIG SG130 | Bole | CRIG MB 14 | Bole | CRIG 169 | Navrongo |
CRIG SG128 | Bole | CRIG KA 30 | Bole | CRIG 172 | Navrongo |
CRIG SG170 | Bole | CRIG KA 11 | Bole | CRIG 39 | Tamale |
CRIG SG129 | Bole | CRIG KA 105 | Bole | CRIG 510 | Wa |
CRIG SG171 | Bole | CRIG KA 16 | Bole | CRIG 130 | Wa |
CRIG SG302 | Bole | CRIG KA 09 | Bole | CRIG 125 | Wa |
CRIG SG118 | Bole | CRIG KA 93 | Bole | CRIG 123 | Wa |
CRIG SG254 | Bole | CRIG KA 1 | Bole | CRIG 136 | Wa |
CRIG SG97 | Bole | CRIG KA 27 | Bole | CRIG 138 | Wa |
CRIG SG100 | Bole | CRIG KA 110 | Bole | CRIG 126 | Wa |
CRIG SG116 | Bole | CRIG KA 29 | Bole | CRIG 141 | Wa |
CRIG SG282 | Bole | CRIG KA 3 | Bole | CRIG 137 | Wa |
CRIG SG114 | Bole | CRIG KA 10 | Bole | CRIG 59 | Walewale |
CRIG SG142 | Bole | CRIG KA 2 | Bole | CRIG 330 | Walewale |
CRIG SG284 | Bole | CRIG KA 5 | Bole | CRIG 4 | Yendi |
CRIG SG113 | Bole | CRIG KA 33 | Bole | CRIG 6 | Yendi |
CRIG 107 | Bole | CRIG KA 40 | Bole |
Trait | Mean | Range | Mean Square |
---|---|---|---|
Fruit weight (g) | 23.05 | 10.25–48.87 | 158.6 *** |
Fruit length (mm) | 37.89 | 26.44–58.46 | 93.29 *** |
Fruit width (mm) | 32.92 | 21.80–69.38 | 80.57 *** |
Brix | 23.11 | 11.93–46.00 | 36.36 *** |
Pulp weight (g) | 13.94 | 4.67–35.05 | 92.98 *** |
Nut weight (g) | 5.82 | 2.77–12.10 | 8.35 *** |
Shell weight (g) | 1.63 | 0.63–4.76 | 1.04 *** |
Kernel weight (g) | 4.17 | 1.86–8.16 | 4.49 *** |
%Pulp | 59.38 | 31.00–97.92 | 226.13 *** |
Kernel to Nut ratio | 71.56 | 51.02–91.75 | 69.85 *** |
Trait | GV | PV | GCV | PCV | H | GA% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit weight | 48.36 | 61.88 | 30.17 | 34.13 | 0.78 | 54.94 |
Fruit Length | 27.59 | 35.12 | 13.86 | 16.3 | 0.72 | 24.3 |
Fruit width | 24.39 | 31.79 | 15 | 17.13 | 0.77 | 27.07 |
Brix | 9.67 | 17.01 | 13.46 | 17.85 | 0.57 | 20.91 |
Pulp Weight | 28.32 | 36.33 | 38.19 | 43.25 | 0.78 | 69.46 |
Nut Weight | 2.56 | 3.23 | 27.51 | 30.9 | 0.79 | 50.45 |
Shell Weight | 0.32 | 0.39 | 34.77 | 38.82 | 0.80 | 64.14 |
Kernel Weight | 1.37 | 1.76 | 28.04 | 31.83 | 0.78 | 50.89 |
%Pulp | 69.29 | 87.55 | 14.02 | 15.76 | 0.79 | 25.69 |
Trait | Correlation | Cos2 | Contribution | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dim 1 | Dim 2 | Dim 1 | Dim 2 | Dim 1 | Dim 2 | |
Fresh weight | 0.835 | 0.524 | 0.696 | 0.275 | 10.716 | 6.132 |
Fruit length | 0.622 | 0.295 | 0.387 | 0.087 | 5.962 | 1.941 |
Fruit width | 0.854 | −0.247 | 0.730 | 0.061 | 11.234 | 1.360 |
Brix | 0.391 | −0.413 | 0.153 | 0.171 | 2.348 | 3.814 |
Pulp weight | 0.634 | 0.739 | 0.403 | 0.546 | 6.194 | 12.183 |
Dry nut weight | 0.990 | 0.086 | 0.981 | 0.007 | 15.092 | 0.164 |
Shell weight | 0.860 | 0.410 | 0.739 | 0.168 | 11.371 | 3.750 |
Kernel weight | 0.988 | −0.042 | 0.975 | 0.002 | 15.009 | 0.040 |
Pulp to fresh weight | −0.224 | 0.682 | 0.05 | 0.465 | 0.773 | 10.394 |
Kernel to fresh weight | 0.520 | −0.834 | 0.271 | 0.695 | 4.168 | 15.523 |
Shell to kernel | 0.210 | 0.848 | 0.044 | 0.718 | 0.676 | 16.042 |
Nut to fresh weight | 0.621 | −0.715 | 0.386 | 0.512 | 5.941 | 11.432 |
Kernel to nut ratio | 0.004 | −0.822 | 0.000 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 15.104 |
Number of seed/fruit | 0.827 | −0.308 | 0.683 | 0.095 | 10.515 | 2.122 |
Variables | FWt | FL | FWd | Brix | PWt | DWt | SWt | KWt | %PWt | %KWt | DW to FW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF.L | 0.74 | ||||||||||
F.Wd | 0.67 | 0.52 | |||||||||
Brix | −0.03 | 0.003 | −0.06 | ||||||||
Pulp Wt | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.65 | −0.04 | |||||||
Dry wt | 0.70 | 0.48 | 0.52 | −0.01 | 0.52 | ||||||
Shell.Wt | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.39 | −0.12 | 0.47 | 0.88 | |||||
K. wt | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.97 | 0.77 | ||||
%pulp to wt | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.32 | −0.08 | 0.68 | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.05 | |||
%K to F.wt | −0.42 | −0.34 | −0.23 | 0.08 | −0.54 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.35 | −0.56 | ||
Dry to F.wt | −0.45 | −0.38 | −0.26 | 0.05 | −0.58 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.29 | −0.61 | 0.95 | |
%K to Nut | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.06 | −0.30 | 0.27 | −0.01 | 0.39 | 0.09 |
Variable | Categories | Shape | Counts | Frequencies | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shape of fruit | 1 | Oblate | 1 | 1 | 1.053 |
2 | Spheroid | 8 | 8 | 8.421 | |
3 | Ellipsoid | 66 | 66 | 69.474 | |
4 | Oblong | 1 | 1 | 1.053 | |
6 | Inverted ovoid | 19 | 19 | 20.000 | |
Fruit surface | 1 | Smooth | 50 | 50 | 52.632 |
2 | Rough | 45 | 45 | 47.368 | |
Number of seed(s) per fruit | 1 | 92 | 92 | 96.842 | |
2 | 3 | 3 | 3.158 | ||
Seed shape | 3 | Ellipsoid | 82 | 82 | 86.316 |
6 | Inverted ovoid | 13 | 13 | 13.684 |
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Anyomi, W.E.; Barnor, M.T.; Danquah, A.; Ofori, K.; Padi, F.K.; Avicor, S.W.; Hale, I.; Danquah, E.Y. Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates of Key Shea Fruit Traits. Agronomy 2023, 13, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030640
Anyomi WE, Barnor MT, Danquah A, Ofori K, Padi FK, Avicor SW, Hale I, Danquah EY. Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates of Key Shea Fruit Traits. Agronomy. 2023; 13(3):640. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030640
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnyomi, Wisdom Edem, Michael Teye Barnor, Agyemang Danquah, Kwadwo Ofori, Francis Kwame Padi, Silas Wintuma Avicor, Iago Hale, and Eric Yirenkyi Danquah. 2023. "Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates of Key Shea Fruit Traits" Agronomy 13, no. 3: 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030640