Response of Kentucky Bluegrass Turfgrass to Plant Growth Regulators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Measurement
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Turfgrass Color
3.2. Turfgrass Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PGR | Rate (kg PGR ha−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.32 |
Paclobutrazol | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.96 |
Flurprimidol | 0.0005 | 0.0010 | 0.0020 | 0.0040 | 0.0080 |
Mefluidide | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.040 | 0.080 |
Ethephon | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 |
Gibberellic Acid | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
PGR | Rate | L | a | b |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethephon | R1 | 40.60 fg | −6.48 | 17.46 |
R2 | 40.27 fg | −6.65 | 17.54 | |
R3 | 40.74 fg | −6.56 | 17.70 | |
R4 | 40.67 fg | −6.59 | 17.88 | |
R5 | 40.42 fg | −6.42 | 17.91 | |
Flurprimidol | R1 | 40.87 fg | −6.68 | 17.52 |
R2 | 40.88 fg | −6.54 | 17.72 | |
R3 | 40.53 fg | −6.65 | 17.65 | |
R4 | 40.88 fg | −6.44 | 17.82 | |
R5 | 40.74 fg | −6.63 | 17.74 | |
Gibberellic Acid | R1 | 41.90 efg | −6.88 | 19.01 |
R2 | 42.45 de | −6.90 | 19.81 | |
R3 | 43.21 cd | −7.03 | 20.56 | |
R4 | 44.27 bc | −7.05 | 21.65 | |
R5 | 45.39 a | −6.84 | 22.34 | |
Mefluidide | R1 | 40.98 fg | −6.62 | 17.70 |
R2 | 40.41 fg | −6.78 | 17.71 | |
R3 | 40.94 fg | −6.47 | 17.51 | |
R4 | 40.28 fg | −6.20 | 16.61 | |
R5 | 40.76 fg | −6.02 | 17.43 | |
Paclobutrazol | R1 | 40.36 fg | −6.28 | 16.95 |
R2 | 40.63 fg | −6.25 | 16.97 | |
R3 | 40.63 fg | −5.96 | 17.30 | |
R4 | 40.43 fg | −5.72 | 16.43 | |
R5 | 39.91 f | −5.35 | 15.74 | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | R1 | 41.19 fg | −6.35 | 17.50 |
R2 | 40.63 fg | −6.20 | 16.75 | |
R3 | 40.72 fg | −6.33 | 17.34 | |
R4 | 40.57 fg | −6.07 | 16.69 | |
R5 | 40.80 fg | −5.92 | 16.97 | |
Control | 40.69 | −6.37 | 16.56 | |
Means for PGR | ||||
Ethephon | 40.54 b | −6.54 b | 17.70 b | |
Flurprimidol | 40.78 b | −6.59 b | 17.69 b | |
Gibberellic Acid | 43.45 a | −6.94 a | 20.68 a | |
Mefluidide | 40.67 b | −6.42 bc | 17.39 b | |
Paclobutrazol | 40.39 b | −5.91 d | 16.68 b | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | 40.78 b | −6.18 cd | 17.05 b | |
Means for Cultivars | ||||
Limousine | 40.44 c | −6.30 b | 16.74 b | |
Niweta | 41.20 b | −6.69 a | 18.22 a | |
Baronial | 41.62 a | −6.29 b | 18.50 a |
PGR | Rate | ΔL | Δa | Δb | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethephon | R1 | −0.086 e | −0.105 | 0.898 fg | 2.565 d |
R2 | −0.426 e | −0.277 | 0.982 fg | 2.726 d | |
R3 | 0.048 e | −0.185 | 1.140 fg | 2.587 d | |
R4 | −0.023 e | −0.216 | 1.315 fg | 2.789 d | |
R5 | −0.270 e | −0.044 | 1.348 fg | 2.550 d | |
Flurprimidol | R1 | 0.174 e | −0.304 | 0.957 fg | 2.426 d |
R2 | 0.185 e | −0.167 | 1.161 fg | 2.388 d | |
R3 | −0.159 e | −0.275 | 1.087 fg | 2.403 d | |
R4 | 0.193 e | −0.069 | 1.256 fg | 2.503 d | |
R5 | 0.046 e | −0.256 | 1.179 fg | 2.396 d | |
Gibberellic Acid | R1 | 1.206 cde | −0.511 | 2.448 ef | 3.705 cd |
R2 | 1.762 cd | −0.522 | 3.251 de | 4.679 bc | |
R3 | 2.523 bc | −0.653 | 3.997 cd | 5.626 b | |
R4 | 3.582 ab | −0.679 | 5.087 bc | 7.036 a | |
R5 | 4.700 a | −0.469 | 5.781 ab | 8.325 a | |
Mefluidide | R1 | 0.290 e | −0.245 | 1.133 fg | 2.573 d |
R2 | −0.286 e | −0.408 | 1.143 fg | 2.659 d | |
R3 | 0.251 e | −0.097 | 0.951 fg | 2.377 d | |
R4 | −0.411 e | 0.170 | 0.044 fg | 2.309 d | |
R5 | 0.068 e | 0.353 | 0.871 fg | 2.623 d | |
Paclobutrazol | R1 | −0.336 e | 0.096 | 0.385 fg | 2.504 d |
R2 | −0.059 e | 0.127 | 0.405 fg | 2.311 d | |
R3 | −0.061 e | 0.418 | 0.735 fg | 2.572 d | |
R4 | −0.260 e | 0.650 | −0.131 gh | 2.878 d | |
R5 | −0.780 e | 1.026 | −0.818 h | 3.261 d | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | R1 | 0.500 e | 0.024 | 0.939 fg | 2.711 d |
R2 | −0.065 e | 0.170 | 0.190 fg | 2.311 d | |
R3 | 0.028 e | 0.039 | 0.781 fg | 2.854 d | |
R4 | −0.126 e | 0.302 | 0.130 fg | 2.527 d | |
R5 | 0.105 e | 0.455 | 0.403 fg | 2.318 d | |
Means for PGRs | |||||
Ethephon | −0.151 b | −0.165 d | 1.137 b | 2.643 b | |
Flurprimidol | 0.088 b | −0.214 d | 1.128 b | 2.423 b | |
Gibberellic Acid | 2.755 a | −0.567 e | 4.113 a | 5.874 a | |
Mefluidide | −0.018 b | −0.045 cd | 0.828 bc | 2.508 b | |
Paclobutrazol | −0.299 b | 0.463 a | 0.115 d | 2.705 b | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | 0.088 b | 0.198 b | 0.489 cd | 2.544 b | |
Means for Cultivars | |||||
Limousine | 0.041 b | −0.111 | 0.841 c | 2.405 c | |
Niweta | 0.335 b | −0.029 | 1.147 b | 3.222 b | |
Baronial | 0.856 a | −0.025 | 1.917 a | 3.722 a |
PGR Rate | L | a | b | ΔL | Δa | Δb | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flurprimidol | −0.008 | 0.007 | 0.010 | −0.011 | 0.012 | 0.034 | 0.002 |
Ethephon | −0.008 | 0.032 | 0.026 | −0.011 | 0.050 | 0.084 | −0.012 |
Trinexapac Ethyl | −0.024 | 0.107 | −0.020 | −0.028 | 0.177 | −0.065 | −0.072 |
Paclobutrazol | −0.090 | 0.232 | −0.086 | −0.105 | 0.337 * | −0.240 * | 0.197 * |
Gibberellic Acid | 0.339 * | 0.011 | 0.183 | 0.337 * | 0.017 | 0.313 * | 0.378 * |
Mefluidide | −0.015 | 0.171 | −0.026 | −0.018 | 0.303 * | −0.083 | 0.002 |
PGR | Rate | Overall Appearance | Turf Color | Leaf Texture |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethephon | R1 | 7.86 ab | 7.77 | 7.46 |
R2 | 7.62 bc | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R3 | 7.60 bc | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R4 | 7.84 ab | 7.77 | 7.46 | |
R5 | 7.76 b | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
Flurprimidol | R1 | 7.45 c | 7.88 | 7.50 |
R2 | 7.74 b | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R3 | 7.88 ab | 7.85 | 7.50 | |
R4 | 7.88 ab | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R5 | 8.02 a | 7.85 | 7.50 | |
Gibberellic Acid | R1 | 7.79 b | 7.77 | 7.46 |
R2 | 7.82 abc | 7.73 | 7.43 | |
R3 | 7.71 b | 7.73 | 7.79 | |
R4 | 7.57 bc | 7.55 | 7.83 | |
R5 | 7.05 d | 7.48 | 7.83 | |
Mefluidide | R1 | 7.88 ab | 7.73 | 7.50 |
R2 | 7.79 b | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R3 | 7.86 ab | 7.79 | 7.50 | |
R4 | 7.50 bc | 7.70 | 7.50 | |
R5 | 7.69 b | 7.70 | 7.50 | |
Paclobutrazol | R1 | 7.86 ab | 7.96 | 7.46 |
R2 | 7.55 bc | 7.97 | 7.50 | |
R3 | 7.64 bc | 8.00 | 7.50 | |
R4 | 7.33 cd | 8.03 | 7.50 | |
R5 | 7.14 cd | 8.00 | 7.42 | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | R1 | 7.88 ab | 7.79 | 7.50 |
R2 | 7.79 b | 7.79 | 7.25 | |
R3 | 7.83 ab | 7.67 | 7.25 | |
R4 | 7.67 bc | 7.82 | 7.42 | |
R5 | 7.81 b | 7.85 | 7.50 | |
Control | 7.62 | 7.67 | 7.29 | |
Means for PGR | ||||
Ethephon | 7.73 ab | 7.78 ab | 7.49 ab | |
Flurprimidol | 7.80 a | 7.83 ab | 7.50 ab | |
Gibberellic Acid | 7.59 ab | 7.65 b | 7.67 a | |
Mefluidide | 7.74 ab | 7.74 ab | 7.50 ab | |
Paclobutrazol | 7.51 b | 7.99 a | 7.48 b | |
Trinexapac Ethyl | 7.80 a | 7.78 ab | 7.38 b | |
Means for Cultivars | ||||
Limousine | 8.26 a | 7.99 a | 8.64 a | |
Niweta | 7.71 b | 7.93 a | 7.64 b | |
Baronial | 7.11 c | 7.47 b | 6.24 c |
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Głąb, T.; Szewczyk, W.; Gondek, K. Response of Kentucky Bluegrass Turfgrass to Plant Growth Regulators. Agronomy 2023, 13, 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030799
Głąb T, Szewczyk W, Gondek K. Response of Kentucky Bluegrass Turfgrass to Plant Growth Regulators. Agronomy. 2023; 13(3):799. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030799
Chicago/Turabian StyleGłąb, Tomasz, Wojciech Szewczyk, and Krzysztof Gondek. 2023. "Response of Kentucky Bluegrass Turfgrass to Plant Growth Regulators" Agronomy 13, no. 3: 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030799