The Effectiveness of Mixed Food Attractant for Managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in Peanut Fields
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Locations
2.2. Method for Population Dynamics Monitoring and Dissecting the Internal Reproductive System for the Adults Attracted and Killed by the Mixed Food Attractant in Peanut Fields
2.3. Population Dynamics Monitoring Method for Eggs and Larvae in Peanut Fields
2.4. Damage Rate of New Leaves in Peanut Fields
2.5. The Costs of Conventional Chemical Control and Biological Food Attractant Control
2.6. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. The Attract-and-Kill Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Bait on Noctuid Pests in Peanut Fields
3.1.1. The Species and Ratio of the Pests Attracted by the Biological Food Attractants
3.1.2. The Attract-and-Kill Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Bait on Cotton Bollworm Adults
3.1.3. The Attract-and-Kill Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Bait on Black Cutworm Adults
3.2. The Control Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Baits on Cotton Bollworm and Black Cutworm Eggs and Larvae in Peanut Fields
3.2.1. The Control Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Baits on Cotton Bollworm Eggs and Larvae in Peanut Fields
3.2.2. The Control Effect of Toxicant-Infused Food Baits on Black Cutworm Eggs and Larvae in Peanut Fields
3.3. Impacts of Toxicant-Infused Food Baits on Damage Rate of New Leaves in Peanut Fields
3.4. Cost-Savings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Application Area (ha) | Sampling Sites | Sampling Plots Area (ha) | Application Frequency | Application Date in Different Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toxicant-Infused Food Bait | Control | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||
Daming County, Handan City, Hebei Province (HD) | 667 | Zhengzai Village (115.312636° E, 36.292088° N) | Qianxiancheng Village (115.409660° E, 36.234650° N) | 5 | First time | 17 June | 13 June | 14 June | 16 June | 17 June |
667 | Zhengzai Village (115.312636° E, 36.292088° N) | Qianxiancheng Village (115.409660° E, 36.234650° N) | 5 | Second time | 19 July | 17 July | 16 July | 17 July | 19 July | |
Jing County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province (HS) | 67 | Xingzhuang Village (116.049957° E, 37.733050° N | Xizhaozhuang Village (116.117763° E, 37.745064° N) | 5 | First time | 9 June | 10 June | 10 June | 13 June | 11 June |
67 | Xingzhuang Village (116.049957° E, 37.733050° N | Xizhaozhuang Village (116.117763° E, 37.745064° N) | 5 | Second time | 13 July | 12 July | 13 July | 15 July | 14 July | |
Guan County, Langfang City, Heibei Province (LF) | 67 | Houying Village (116.249042° E, 39.361543° N) | Ligezhuang Village (116.192436° E, 39.344121° N) | 5 | First time | 24 June | 22 June | 24 June | 24 June | 26 June |
67 | Houying Village (116.249042° E, 39.361543° N) | Ligezhuang Village (116.192436° E, 39.344121° N) | 5 | Second time | 27 July | 24 July | 26 July | 27 July | 29 July | |
Ningling County, Shangqiu City, Heinan Province (SQ) | 667 | Lilou Village (115.235574° E, 34.534178° N) | Hezhuang Village (115.203257° E, 34.555523° N) | 5 | First time | 12 June | 11 June | 10 June | 13 June | 11 June |
667 | Lilou Village (115.235574° E, 34.534178° N) | Hezhuang Village (115.203257° E, 34.555523° N) | 5 | Second time | 15 July | 14 July | 14 July | 15 July | 13 July | |
Kalaqinzuoyi Mongolian Autonomous County, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province (CY) | 667 | Baitazi Village (119.663944° E, 40.864848° N) | Zhangjiayao Village (119.670303° E, 40.672755° N) | 5 | First time | 25 June | 27 June | 27 June | 28 June | 30 June |
667 | Baitazi Village (119.663944° E, 40.864848° N) | Zhangjiayao Village (119.670303° E, 40.672755° N) | 5 | Second time | 27 July | 31 July | 28 July | 31 July | 2 August | |
Laixi County, Yantai City, Shaodong Province (YT) | 67 | Taipingshan Village (120.559813° E, 36.781083° N) | Nanhouzai Village (120.562248° E, 36.766392° N) | 5 | First time | 19 June | 17 June | 16 June | 19 June | 15 June |
67 | Taipingshan Village (120.559813° E, 36.781083° N) | Nanhouzai Village (120.562248° E, 36.766392° N) | 5 | Second time | 21 July | 18 July | 17 July | 22 July | 17 July |
Experiment Sites | Variety | Row Spacing | Plant Spacing | Plants/ha. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Handan City, Hebei Province | Jihua 915 (Daming Xinxin Seed Co., Ltd., Handan, China) | 37.5 cm | 22 cm | 242,430 |
Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province | Fuhua 12 (Peanut Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences) | 15 cm | 45 cm | 148,000 |
Shangqiu City, Henan province | Huayu 25, Shanghua 4, Luohua 4087 (Henan Huameng Seed Co.,Ltd, Shangqiu, China) | 33 cm | 20 cm | 270,000 |
Hengshui City, Hebei province | Huayu 23 (Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) | 60 cm | 12 cm | 135,000 |
Langfang City, Hebei province | Jihua 5, Jiyou 4 (Hebei Haohaijianong Seed Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China) | 40 cm | 15 cm | 150,000 |
Yantai City, Shandong province | Huayu 963 (Shandong Luhua Agricultural Science Co., Ltd., Laiyang, China) | 20 cm | 20 cm | 250,000 |
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Wang, L.; He, L.; Wang, T.; Xiao, T.; Zou, Z.; Wang, M.; Cai, X.; Yao, B.; Yang, Y.; Wu, K. The Effectiveness of Mixed Food Attractant for Managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in Peanut Fields. Agronomy 2024, 14, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050986
Wang L, He L, Wang T, Xiao T, Zou Z, Wang M, Cai X, Yao B, Yang Y, Wu K. The Effectiveness of Mixed Food Attractant for Managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in Peanut Fields. Agronomy. 2024; 14(5):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050986
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Liying, Limei He, Tongwei Wang, Tao Xiao, Zongfeng Zou, Meng Wang, Xiaoling Cai, Bingtao Yao, Yu Yang, and Kongming Wu. 2024. "The Effectiveness of Mixed Food Attractant for Managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in Peanut Fields" Agronomy 14, no. 5: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050986