Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes to Increase the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Tibetan Barley in Tibet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Experimental Design and Crop Management
2.3. Sampling and Measurement
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Aboveground Biomass, Grain Yield, and Yield Components
3.2. Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution Ratio
3.3. Nitrogen Translocation
3.4. Nitrogen Utilization
3.5. Relationship between Yield and N Parameters
3.6. PLS-PM Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Regimes on Aboveground Biomass and Grain Yield
4.2. Effects of N Application Rates and Irrigation Regimes on N Accumulation and Distribution
4.3. Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Utilization
4.4. The Relationship between Grain Yield and Nitrogen-Related Components
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Variation | 1000-Grain Weight | Spike Number | Grain Yield |
---|---|---|---|
W | * | ns | *** |
N | ** | * | *** |
W × N | * | ns | * |
Source of Variation | Anthesis | Maturity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf | Leaf Sheath | Stem | Leaf | Leaf Sheath | Stem | Grain | |
W | * | *** | *** | ** | ** | *** | ** |
N | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
W×N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Treatments | NT (kg ha−1) | NTR (%) | NRC (%) | Post-Anthesis NA (kg ha−1) | Post-Anthesis NRC (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 39.32 bc | 54.18 ab | 44.55 ab | 48.97 c | 55.45 ab |
W1N9 | 50.16 a | 51.41 abc | 47.5 a | 55.44 bc | 52.5 b |
W1N12 | 53.26 a | 48.19 cd | 47.6 a | 58.65 ab | 52.4 b |
W1N15 | 54.16 a | 45.47 d | 46.06 ab | 63.5 a | 53.94 ab |
W2N0 | 33.84 c | 54.78 a | 39.94 b | 50.9 c | 60.06 a |
W2N9 | 41.86 b | 50.1 abcd | 41.2 ab | 59.79 ab | 58.8 ab |
W2N12 | 49.09 a | 49.63 bcd | 45.37 ab | 59.08 ab | 54.63 ab |
W2N15 | 53.8 a | 48.66 cd | 46.88 a | 60.97 ab | 53.12 b |
ANOVA | |||||
W | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
N | *** | ** | ns | * | ns |
W × N | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Treatments | NHI | NUtE (kg kg−1) | NUE (kg kg−1) | NPFP (kg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 0.73 b | 35.12 d | ||
W1N9 | 0.69 c | 32.72 e | 8.2 c | 55.63 b |
W1N12 | 0.66 ef | 32.32 e | 9.92 ab | 45.49 d |
W1N15 | 0.64 f | 32.01 e | 10.47 a | 38.93 f |
W2N0 | 0.75 a | 42.51 a | ||
W2N9 | 0.71 b | 37.58 b | 6.69 d | 59.81 a |
W2N12 | 0.68 cd | 36.1 c | 7.68 c | 47.52 c |
W2N15 | 0.67 de | 36.4 c | 9.74 b | 41.62 e |
ANOVA | ||||
W | *** | *** | *** | *** |
N | *** | *** | *** | *** |
W × N | ns | *** | ** | * |
Item | Coefficient | p Value |
---|---|---|
Intercept | 6939.42 | 0.00764 ** |
Grain NA | 94.18 | 0.000086 *** |
NT | −102.6 | 0.00917 ** |
NHI | 15,009.78 | 0.06902 ns |
Post-anthesis NRC | −22,236.7 | 0.00528 ** |
NTR | −20,058 | 0.00883 ** |
NUtE | 150.52 | 0.000496 *** |
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Wang, S.; Peng, J.; Dong, W.; Wei, Z.; Zafar, S.u.; Jin, T.; Liu, E. Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes to Increase the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Tibetan Barley in Tibet. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081775
Wang S, Peng J, Dong W, Wei Z, Zafar Su, Jin T, Liu E. Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes to Increase the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Tibetan Barley in Tibet. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081775
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shangwen, Jun Peng, Wenyi Dong, Zexiu Wei, Saud uz Zafar, Tao Jin, and Enke Liu. 2024. "Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes to Increase the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Tibetan Barley in Tibet" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081775