Potential for Grain Sorghum as a Trap and Nursery Crop for Helicoverpa zea and Its Natural Enemies and Dissemination of HearNPV into Cotton
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Locations, Experimental Design, and Treatments
2.2. Proof-of-Concept Experiment
2.3. Validation Experiment
2.4. HearNPV Infection Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Proof-of-Concept Experiment
3.2. Validation Experiment
3.2.1. Comparing Damaged Fruit Incidence, H. zea Larvae, and Beneficial Arthropod Density between Cotton-Only, Non-Treated Cotton–Sorghum, and HearNPV-Treated Cotton–Sorghum
3.2.2. Comparing Damaged Fruit Incidence, H. zea Larvae, and Beneficial Arthropod Density between Transect Locations within Cotton-Only, Non-Treated Cotton–Sorghum, and HearNPV-Treated Cotton–Sorghum
3.3. Beneficial Arthropods Observed
3.4. HearNPV Infection Analysis
3.4.1. Helicoverpa zea Samples
3.4.2. Beneficial Arthropod Samples
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sorghum Hybrid | Minimum Days to 50% Bloom | Maximum Days to 50% Bloom |
---|---|---|
SP 78M30 | 72 | 76 |
SP 74M21 | 69 | 74 |
SP 68M57 | 66 | 71 |
SP 31A15 | 54 | 58 |
SP 43M80 | 58 | 62 |
251 | 50 | 54 |
Order | Family | Common Name | Benefit |
---|---|---|---|
Araneae | Thomisidae | Crab spider | Predator |
Salticidae | Jumping spider | Predator | |
Araneidae | Orb-weaver spider | Predator | |
Oxyopidae | Lynx spider | Predator | |
Coleoptera | Coccinellidae | Lady beetle | Predator |
Diptera | Syrphidae | Hoverfly | Predator |
Tachinidae | Tachinid fly | Parasitoid | |
Hemiptera | Pentatomidae | Spined soldier bug | Predator |
Reduviidae | Assassin bug | Predator | |
Geocoridae | Big-eyed bug | Predator | |
Anthocoridae | Minute pirate bug | Predator | |
Miridae | Cotton fleahopper | Predator | |
Nabidae | Damsel bug species | Predator | |
Hymenoptera | Formicidae | Fire ant | Predator |
Braconidae | Braconid wasp | Parasitoid | |
Neuroptera | Chrysopidae | Green lacewing | Predator |
Hemerobiidae | Brown lacewing | Predator |
Year | Arthropod Groups | n a | No. Positive Sample | % Positive Sample | n a | No. Positive Sample | % Positive Sample | n a | No. Positive Sample | % Positive Sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cotton-Only | Non-Treated Cotton–Sorghum | Treated Cotton–Sorghum | ||||||||
2020 | Chrysopidae | 5 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 4 | 12.9 |
Coccinellidae | 10 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 1 | 1.9 | |
Pentatomidae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 25 | |
Reduviidae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 50 | |
Combined | 15 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 7.9 | |
2021 | Coccinellidae | 24 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 3 | 6 | 43 | 2 | 4.7 |
Pentatomidae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 66.7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Reduviidae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 100 | |
Formicidae | 19 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 2 | 3.5 | 72 | 3 | 4.2 | |
Anthocoridae | 4 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 1 | 2.5 | |
Spiders * | 11 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 6 | 10.3 | 60 | 1 | 1.7 | |
Combined | 59 | 0 | 0 | 203 | 14 | 6.9 | 218 | 8 | 3.7 |
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Calvin, W.; Gore, J.; Greene, J.; Perkin, L.; Kerns, D.L. Potential for Grain Sorghum as a Trap and Nursery Crop for Helicoverpa zea and Its Natural Enemies and Dissemination of HearNPV into Cotton. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081779
Calvin W, Gore J, Greene J, Perkin L, Kerns DL. Potential for Grain Sorghum as a Trap and Nursery Crop for Helicoverpa zea and Its Natural Enemies and Dissemination of HearNPV into Cotton. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081779
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalvin, Wilfrid, Jeffrey Gore, Jeremy Greene, Lindsey Perkin, and David L. Kerns. 2024. "Potential for Grain Sorghum as a Trap and Nursery Crop for Helicoverpa zea and Its Natural Enemies and Dissemination of HearNPV into Cotton" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081779