Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilisers Application on Tea Production and Soils Quality: An In Situ Field Experiment in Jiangsu, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and the Field Experiment
2.2. Tea Yield and Quality Determination
2.3. Soil Sampling and Measurements
2.4. Fertiliser Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tea Yields and Quality Response to Different Fertilisation Regimes
3.2. Soil Properties Variations under Different Fertilisation Regimes
3.3. Fertiliser Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits under Different Fertilisation Regimes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Organic Fertiliser (kg ha−1) | Chemical Fertiliser (kg ha−1) | Total NPK | Chemical Fertilisation Reduction Ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | Sum | |||
CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CF | 64 | 38 | 26 | 675 | 345 | 345 | 1365 | 1493 | |
T1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 303 | 60 | 90 | 453 | 453 | 66.8 |
T2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 303 | 60 | 114 | 477 | 477 | 65.1 |
T3 | 90 | 270 | 150 | 212 | 60 | 90 | 362 | 871 | 73.5 |
T4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 80 | 110 | 490 | 490 | 64.1 |
T5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 270 | 135 | 180 | 585 | 585 | 57.1 |
Treatment | AA (%) | TP (%) | TP/AA | Water Extract (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 3.31 ± 1.25 | 23.02 ± 2.15a | 7.13 ± 2.30a | 42.61 ± 2.81 |
CF | 4.25 ± 1.30 | 21.32 ± 1.28b | 5.46 ± 1.66b | 41.47 ± 3.22 |
T1 | 3.82 ± 1.31 | 22.42 ± 1.93ab | 6.49 ± 2.06ab | 43.95 ± 3.53 |
T2 | 3.55 ± 1.26 | 23.00 ± 2.05a | 7.35 ± 2.66a | 43.98 ± 3.36 |
T3 | 3.59 ± 1.21 | 22.96 ± 2.00a | 7.06 ± 2.17ab | 42.97 ± 3.89 |
T4 | 3.89 ± 1.14 | 22.66 ± 1.98a | 6.39 ± 2.18ab | 42.56 ± 4.64 |
T5 | 3.90 ± 1.41 | 22.81 ± 1.91a | 6.54 ± 2.12ab | 41.80 ± 4.45 |
Treatment | pH | TN (g kg−1) | SOM (g kg−1) | AP (mg kg−1) | AK (mg kg−1) | SFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.31 ± 0.39a | 0.96 ± 0.14c | 15.36 ± 1.75c | 45.09 ± 25.51c | 118.25 ± 25.79b | 0.50 ± 0.14b |
CF | 4.49 ± 0.16b | 1.59 ± 0.18a | 27.03 ± 3.33a | 149.32 ± 27.63a | 208.75 ± 10.72a | 0.88 ± 0.08a |
T1 | 4.86 ± 0.22b | 1.28 ± 0.15abc | 21.30 ± 3.04ab | 98.08 ± 26.98b | 212.5 ± 29.44a | 0.74 ± 0.07a |
T2 | 5.32 ± 0.31a | 1.37 ± 0.34ab | 22.22 ± 5.28ab | 79.84 ± 44.91bc | 235.25 ± 49.92a | 0.77 ± 0.14a |
T3 | 4.64 ± 0.07b | 1.35 ± 0.22ab | 23.03 ± 3.35ab | 62.13 ± 28.28bc | 179.00 ± 6.93a | 0.76 ± 0.12a |
T4 | 4.65 ± 0.16b | 1.37 ± 0.23ab | 22.53 ± 3.44ab | 73.18 ± 24.10bc | 184.75 ± 50.71a | 0.77 ± 0.09a |
T5 | 4.82 ± 0.07b | 1.18 ± 0.19bc | 19.64 ± 3.36bc | 100.34 ± 23.93b | 196.00 ± 32.03a | 0.70 ± 0.08a |
Treatment | AE (kg kg−1) | NUE (%) | PFP (kg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
CF | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
T1 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.01 |
T2 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.22 | 0.21 ± 0.01 |
T3 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.16 | 0.11 ± 0 |
T4 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0 |
T5 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.30 | 0.19 ± 0.02 |
Treatment | Gross Income (CNY ha−1) | Labor Cost (CNY ha−1) | Fertiliser Cost (CNY ha−1) | Net Income (CNY ha−1) | Net Income Increment (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 6372.69 ± 2557.58 | 5027.43 ± 2020.23 | 0 ± 0 | 1345.23 ± 543.34ab | |
CF | 7692.04 ± 3035.11 | 5886.47 ± 2377.26 | 614.3 ± 0 | 1191.3 ± 699.87b | |
T1 | 10,346.71 ± 3365.02 | 7370.73 ± 2637.86 | 173.1 ± 0 | 2802.87 ± 728.71a | 197.39 ± 182.77 |
T2 | 8781.43 ± 3770.73 | 6616.43 ± 2923.46 | 394.1 ± 0 | 1770.87 ± 847.92ab | 68.24 ± 67.99 |
T3 | 9578.14 ± 4923.42 | 7055.27 ± 3641.22 | 527.1 ± 0 | 1995.77 ± 1282.2ab | 80.63 ± 71.23 |
T4 | 8102.89 ± 2921.53 | 6127.27 ± 2382.37 | 330.8 ± 0 | 1644.77 ± 548.36ab | 72.02 ± 104.8 |
T5 | 9729.77 ± 3356.3 | 7121.77 ± 2858.07 | 1019.4 ± 0 | 1588.60 ± 498.52ab | 60.22 ± 78.52 |
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Hu, Z.; Li, H.; Ji, L.; Yang, Y. Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilisers Application on Tea Production and Soils Quality: An In Situ Field Experiment in Jiangsu, China. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081864
Hu Z, Li H, Ji L, Yang Y. Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilisers Application on Tea Production and Soils Quality: An In Situ Field Experiment in Jiangsu, China. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081864
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Zhenmin, Huan Li, Lingfei Ji, and Yiyang Yang. 2024. "Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilisers Application on Tea Production and Soils Quality: An In Situ Field Experiment in Jiangsu, China" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081864