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Volume 14
Issue 9
10.3390/agronomy14092156
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Article

Nodules of Medicago spp. Host a Diverse Community of Rhizobial Species in Natural Ecosystems

by
Andrei Stefan
1,
Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
2,3,
Craita Maria Rosu
4,
Catalina Stedel
4,
Crystal Chan
3,
Ellen L. Simms
3,
Catalina Iticescu
5,
Daniela Tsikou
6,
Emmanouil Flemetakis
7 and
Rodica Catalina Efrose
4,7,*
1
“Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Șos. Kiseleff 1, 011341 Bucharest, Romania
2
Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
3
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4
Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iași, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iași, Romania
5
Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
6
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
7
Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2024, 14(9), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092156
Submission received: 22 August 2024 / Revised: 18 September 2024 / Accepted: 19 September 2024 / Published: 21 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Environments Shaped by Anthropogenic Activities)
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Abstract

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia-nodulated legumes reduces the dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Identification of locally adapted rhizobia may uncover economically valuable strains for sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the diversity and symbiotic potential of rhizobia associated with three Medicago species from Eastern Romania’s ecosystems. Phenotypic screening ensured that only rhizobial species were retained for molecular characterization. 16S rDNA sequencing clustered the isolates into four distinct groups: Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium medicae, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Mesorhizobium spp. The chromosomal genes (atpD, glnII, recA) and nifH phylogenies were congruent, while the nodA phylogeny grouped the Mesorhizobium spp. isolates with R. leguminosarum. Medicago sativa was the most sampled plant species, and only S. meliloti and R. leguminosarum were found in its nodules, while Medicago falcata nodules hosted S. meliloti and Mesorhizobium spp. Medicago lupulina was the only species that hosted all four identified rhizobial groups, including S. medicae. This study provides the first report on the Mesorhizobium spp. associated with M. falcata nodules. Additionally, R. leguminosarum and two Mesorhizobium genospecies were identified as novel symbionts for Medicago spp. Comparative analysis of Medicago-associated rhizobia from other studies revealed that differences in 16S rDNA sequence type composition were influenced by Medicago species identity rather than geographic region.
Keywords: Medicago spp.; root nodules; rhizobia diversity; molecular taxonomy Medicago spp.; root nodules; rhizobia diversity; molecular taxonomy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Stefan, A.; Van Cauwenberghe, J.; Rosu, C.M.; Stedel, C.; Chan, C.; Simms, E.L.; Iticescu, C.; Tsikou, D.; Flemetakis, E.; Efrose, R.C. Nodules of Medicago spp. Host a Diverse Community of Rhizobial Species in Natural Ecosystems. Agronomy 2024, 14, 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092156

AMA Style

Stefan A, Van Cauwenberghe J, Rosu CM, Stedel C, Chan C, Simms EL, Iticescu C, Tsikou D, Flemetakis E, Efrose RC. Nodules of Medicago spp. Host a Diverse Community of Rhizobial Species in Natural Ecosystems. Agronomy. 2024; 14(9):2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092156

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan, Andrei, Jannick Van Cauwenberghe, Craita Maria Rosu, Catalina Stedel, Crystal Chan, Ellen L. Simms, Catalina Iticescu, Daniela Tsikou, Emmanouil Flemetakis, and Rodica Catalina Efrose. 2024. "Nodules of Medicago spp. Host a Diverse Community of Rhizobial Species in Natural Ecosystems" Agronomy 14, no. 9: 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092156

APA Style

Stefan, A., Van Cauwenberghe, J., Rosu, C. M., Stedel, C., Chan, C., Simms, E. L., Iticescu, C., Tsikou, D., Flemetakis, E., & Efrose, R. C. (2024). Nodules of Medicago spp. Host a Diverse Community of Rhizobial Species in Natural Ecosystems. Agronomy, 14(9), 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092156

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