Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Biochars
2.2. Biochar Characterization-G-350 Versus G-350 H2O2
2.3. Water Vapor and Herbicide Sorption
2.4. HPLC Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biochar Activation Observations
3.2. Herbicide Sorption
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feedstock | Pyrolysis Temperature (°C) | Moisture % | Ash % | VM 1 % | C % | H % | N % | O % | SSA 2 (m2 g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grape wood | 350 | 3.5 | 10.9 | 39.5 | 66.6 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 17.5 | < 1 |
Grape wood | 500 | 4.0 | 16.8 | 19.3 | 70.4 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 9.6 | < 1 |
Grape wood | 900 | 1.3 | 22.2 | 6.6 | 71.6 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 124 |
G-350 | G-350-H2O2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herbicide | Kf | Nf | R2 | Kf | Nf | R2 |
Cyhalofop | 13.9 (12.6–15.4) 1 | 0.92 ± 0.09 2 | 0.970 | 48.3 (44.6–52.4) | 0.75 ± 0.07 | 0.976 |
Clomazone | 284 (264–306) | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.990 | 284 (265–305) | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 0.990 |
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Gámiz, B.; Hall, K.; Spokas, K.A.; Cox, L. Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption. Agronomy 2019, 9, 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100588
Gámiz B, Hall K, Spokas KA, Cox L. Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption. Agronomy. 2019; 9(10):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100588
Chicago/Turabian StyleGámiz, Beatriz, Kathleen Hall, Kurt A. Spokas, and Lucia Cox. 2019. "Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption" Agronomy 9, no. 10: 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100588