Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Growth Chamber Experiment
2.3. Soil Analysis
2.4. Biomass Analysis
2.5. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effect of Mixture
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Total Soil C, N, and P Concentrations
3.2. Soil Phosphorus Forms
3.3. Microbial Biomass P
3.4. Shoot and Root Biomass Production
3.5. Shoot and Root P Concentrations and Uptake
3.6. Relationship between Soil and Plant Parameters
3.7. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects between PM and RP on Soil and Plant Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Impact of Organic and Inorganic P Amendments on C, N, and P Stoichiometry and Microbial Biomass P
4.2. Impact of Organic and Inorganic P Amendments on Nutrient Uptake and Biomass Production and Soil P Forms
4.3. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Combined Application of PM and RP
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Type | pH | Corg | C/N | P olsen | K2O | Clay | Silt | Sand |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g kg−1 | mg kg−1 | Cmol + kg−1 | % | |||||
Moderately acid | 6.1 | 11.9 | 10 | 60 | 0.32 | 14.6 | 68.3 | 16.1 |
Alkaline | 8.5 | 12.1 * | 10 | 11 | 0.26 | 20.7 | 59.8 | 6.8 |
H2O | NaHCO3 | NaOH | HCl | Residual | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P mg kg−1 | ||||||||
Pi | Po | Pi | Po | Pi | Po | Pi | Po | Pt |
187 ± 8 | 122 ± 43 | 202 ± 3 | 149 ± 30 | 47 ± 4 | 72 ± 13 | 181 ± 9 | 97 ± 8 | 145 ± 7 |
Soil Type | C | N | C/N | Pt | C:Po | C:Pi | N:Pi | N:Po | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g kg−1 | mg kg−1 | ||||||||
Moderate acid | Control | 10.5 Ca * | 1.2 Da | 8.9 Aa | 100.2 Ca | 344.9 Ba | 192.2 Bb | 21.6 Cb | 38.6 Ba |
RP | 11.0 Ca | 1.4 Ca | 7.7 Ba | 97.3 Ca | 314.4 Cb | 194.4 Bb | 25.3 Bb | 40.9 Bb | |
PM | 16.5 Aa | 2.0 Aa | 8.5 Aa | 132.1 Aa | 356.4 Ba | 255.9 Aa | 30.2 Aa | 42.1 Ba | |
PMRP | 13.7 Ba | 1.7 Ba | 8.3 Aa | 118.0 Ba | 414.9 Aa | 210.5 Aa | 25.3 Bb | 49.8 Aa | |
Alkaline | Control | 11.5 Ba | 1.3 Ba | 9.2 Aa | 103.2 Ba | 365.3 Ba | 241.9 Aa | 26.3 Ba | 39.8 Ba |
RP | 12.0 Ba | 1.7 Ab | 7.2 Aa | 103.5 Ba | 399.7 Aa | 239.2 Aa | 33.3 Aa | 55.6 Aa | |
PM | 14.8 Aa | 1.7 Ab | 8.8 Ba | 127.2 Aa | 383.2 Ba | 244.1 Aa | 28.1 Ba | 44.3 Ba | |
PMRP | 13.4 ABa | 1.6 Aa | 8.7 Aa | 120.8 Aa | 275.0 Cb | 290.1 Aa | 33.5 Aa | 31.8 Bb |
Soil Type | Treatment | P conc | P uptake | P Use Efficiency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Shoot | Root | |||
g kg−1 | mg | % of input | ||||
Moderate acid | Control | 7.2 Da | 1.4 Da | 3.6 Ba | 3.6 Ca | - |
RP | 12.5 Ca | 2.2 Ca | 3.5 Ba | 4.6 Ca | 6 Ca | |
PM | 24.2 Aa | 3.8 Aa | 4.9 Aa | 14.8 Aa | 28 Aa | |
PMRP | 16.6 Ba | 2.8 Ba | 5.0 Aa | 8.7 Ba | 14 Ba | |
Alkaline | Control | 1.4 Db | 1.7 Ba | 2.6 Bb | 1.1 Cb | - |
RP | 4.9 Cb | 2.1 Ba | 3.0 Ba | 2.8 Ba | 5 Ca | |
PM | 17.7 Ab | 3.3 Aa | 3.8 Ab | 9.7 Ab | 25 Aa | |
PMRP | 11.3 Bb | 3.0 Aa | 3.8 Ab | 6.9 Aa | 16 Ba |
Soil | Soil Parameters | Shoot Biomass | Root Biomass | P Uptake | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | ||||
Moderately acid soil | readily-Pi | 0.41 | 0.80 * | 0.87 * | 0.92 * |
readily-Po | 0.51 * | 0.78 * | 0.95 * | 0.96 * | |
moderately-Pi | 0.61 * | 0.59 * | 0.83 * | 0.83 * | |
moderately-Po | −0.07 | −0.43 | −0.37 | −0.39 | |
Less avail.-Pi | –0.10 | −0.44 | −0.40 | −0.45 | |
less-avail. Po | 0.71 * | 0.61 * | 0.93 * | 0.89 * | |
Residual-P | 0.19 | 0.70 * | 0.63 * | 0.74 * | |
Microbial P | 0.62 * | 0.61 * | 0.83 * | 0.78 * | |
Total soil N | 0.65 * | 0.69 * | 0.94 * | 0.91 * | |
Total soil C | 0.52 * | 0.71 * | 0.89 * | 0.88 * | |
Alkaline soil | readily-Pi | 0.94 * | 0.93 * | 0.96 * | 0.91 * |
readily-Po | 0.84 * | 0.82 * | 0.89 * | 0.84 * | |
moderately-Pi | 0.75 * | 0.67 * | 0.75 * | 0.67 * | |
moderately-Po | 0.09 | 0.16 | −0.18 | −0.13 | |
Less avail.-Pi | −0.03 | −0.14 | −0.03 | −0.09 | |
less-avail. Po | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.39 | |
Residual-P | 0.81 * | 0.80 * | 0.70 * | 0.66 * | |
Microbial P | 0.88 * | 0.84 * | 0.95 * | 0.88 * | |
Total soil N | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.60 * | 0.51 | |
Total soil C | 0.81 * | 0.80 * | 0.82 * | 0.77 * |
Observed | Expected | Mixture Effect (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderately acid soil | Soil | P availability (mg kg−1) | 137.1 ± 21.1 | 132.5 ± 4.9 | 9.9 ± 1.8 |
Shoot | Biomass (g) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | |
P uptake (mg) | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 12.3 ± 1.2 | −23.6 ± 1.8 | ||
Root | Biomass (g) | 1.16 ± 0.3 | 0.65 ± 0.2 | 91.3 ± 4.9 | |
P uptake (mg) | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 3.97 ± 0.9 | −59.6 ± 3.7 | ||
Alkaline soil | Soil | P availability (mg kg−1) | 133.5 ± 15.0 | 114.4 ± 9.5 | 17.5 ± 3.0 |
Shoot | Biomass (g) | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.38 ± 0.2 | −13.1 ± 1.9 | |
P uptake (mg) | 9.97 ± 0.3 | 11.6 ± 0.5 | −13.6 ± 2.6 | ||
Root | Biomass (g) | 0.78 ± 0.1 | 0.81 ± 0.1 | −3.3 ± 1.2 | |
P uptake (mg) | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 5.82 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
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Poblete-Grant, P.; Biron, P.; Bariac, T.; Cartes, P.; Mora, M.d.L.L.; Rumpel, C. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake. Agronomy 2019, 9, 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040191
Poblete-Grant P, Biron P, Bariac T, Cartes P, Mora MdLL, Rumpel C. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake. Agronomy. 2019; 9(4):191. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040191
Chicago/Turabian StylePoblete-Grant, Patricia, Philippe Biron, Thierry Bariac, Paula Cartes, María de La Luz Mora, and Cornelia Rumpel. 2019. "Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake" Agronomy 9, no. 4: 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040191