Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biogas Digestates and Rice Straw
2.2. Soils
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Dynamics of Inorganic Nitrogen
2.5. Nematode Suppressive Experiment
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Fertilization on the Dynamics of Inorganic N
3.2. Effect of Fertilization on Root-Knot Nematode
3.3. Factors Affecting the Nitrate Leaching Potential and Nematode Population
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Holm-Nielsen, J.B.; Al Seadi, T.; Oleskowicz-Popiel, P. The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 5478–5484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weiland, P. Biogas production: current state and perspectives. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 85, 849–860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johansen, A.; Carter, M.S.; Jensen, E.S.; Hauggard-Nielsen, H.; Ambus, P. Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2013, 63, 36–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Möller, K. Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2015, 35, 1021–1041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nkoa, R. Agricultural benefits and environmental risks of soil fertilization with anaerobic digestates: A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2014, 34, 473–492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alburquerque, J.A.; de la Fuente, C.; Bernal, M.P. Chemical properties of anaerobic digestates affecting C and N dynamics in amended soils. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2012, 160, 15–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cavalli, D.; Corti, M.; Baronchelli, D.; Bechini, L.; Marino Gallina, P. CO2 emissions and mineral nitrogen dynamics following application to soil of undigested liquid cattle manure and digestates. Geoderma 2017, 308, 26–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gómez-Brandón, M.; Juárez, M.F.-D.; Zangerle, M.; Insam, H. Effects of digestate on soil chemical and microbiological properties: A comparative study with compost and vermicompost. J. Hazard. Mater. 2016, 302, 267–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Viaene, J.; Agneessens, L.; Capito, C.; Ameloot, N.; Reubens, B.; Willekens, K.; Vandecasteele, B.; De Neve, S. Co-ensiling, co-composting and anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable crop residues: Product stability and effect on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Sci. Hortic. 2017, 220, 214–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Broz, A.; Verma, P.; Appel, C.; Yost, J.; Stubler, C.; Hurley, S. Nitrogen dynamics of strawberry cultivation in vermicompost-amended systems. Compost Sci. Util. 2017, 25, 194–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, J.; Chen, Y.; He, T.; Liao, R.; Liu, R.; Yi, M.; Huang, L.; Yang, Z.; Fu, T.; Li, X. Soil nitrogen leaching decreases as biogas slurry DOC/N ratio increases. Appl. Soil. Ecol. 2017, 111, 105–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, J.; Chen, Y.; He, T.; Liu, R.; Yi, M.; Yang, Z. Nitrogen leaching losses following biogas slurry irrigation to purple soil of the three Gorges reservoir area. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018, 25, 29096–29103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, H.; Gao, W.; Li, J.; Shen, S.; Wang, F.; Fu, L.; Zhang, K. Effects of digested biogas slurry application mixed with irrigation water on nitrate leaching during wheat-maize rotation in the North China Plain. Agric. Water Manag. 2019, 213, 882–893. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Forge, T.; Kenney, E.; Hashimoto, N.; Neilsen, D.; Zebarth, B. Compost and poultry manure as preplant soil amendments for red raspberry: Comparative effects on root lesion nematodes, soil quality and risk of nitrate leaching. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2016, 223, 48–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sawada, K.; Toyota, K. Effects of the application of digestates from wet and dry anaerobic fermentation to Japanese paddy and upland soils on short-term nitrification. Microbes Environ. 2015, 30, 37–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di, H.J.; Cameron, K.C. Nitrate leaching in temperate agroecosystems: sources, factors and mitigating strategies. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2002, 64, 237–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shindo, H.; Nishio, T. Immobilization and remineralization of N following addition of wheat straw into soil: Determination of gross N transformation rates by 15N-ammonium isotope dilution technique. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2005, 37, 425–432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, S.; Wang, Y.; Liu, R.; Xing, L.; Yang, Z. Improved crop yield and reduced nitrate nitrogen leaching with straw return in a rice-wheat rotation of Ningxia irrigation district. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 9458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, F.; Wang, Z.; Dai, J.; Li, Q.; Wang, X.; Xue, C.; Liu, H.; He, G. Fate of nitrogen from green manure, straw, and fertilizer applied to wheat under different summer fallow management strategies in dryland. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2015, 51, 769–780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Omar, L.; Osumanu Haruna, A.; Majid, N.M. Effect of organic amendment derived from co-composting of chicken slurry and rice straw on reducing nitrogen loss from urea. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2016, 47, 639–656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Demiraj, E.; Libutti, A.; Malltezi, J.; Rroço, E.; Brahushi, F.; Monteleone, M.; Sulçe, S. Effect of organic amendments on nitrate leaching mitigation in a sandy loam soil of Shkodra district, Albania. Ital. J. Agron. 2018, 13, 93–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gai, X.; Liu, H.; Liu, J.; Zhai, L.; Wang, H.; Yang, B.; Ren, T.; Wu, S.; Lei, Q. Contrasting impacts of long-term application of manure and crop straw on residual nitrate-N along the soil profile in the North China Plain. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 650, 2251–2259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pan, F.-F.; Yu, W.-T.; Ma, Q.; Zhou, H.; Jiang, C.-M.; Xu, Y.-G.; Ren, J.-F. Influence of 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate and straw on nitrogen retention and supply in different fertility soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2017, 53, 303–313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kepenekci, I.; Hazir, S.; Oksal, E.; Lewis, E.E. Application methods of Steinernema feltiae, Xenorhabdus bovienii and Purpureocillium lilacinum to control root-knot nematodes in greenhouse tomato systems. Crop Prot. 2018, 108, 31–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rudolph, R.E.; Sams, C.; Steiner, R.; Thomas, S.H.; Walker, S.; Uchanski, M.E. Biofumigation performance of four Brassica crops in a green chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) rotation system in southern New Mexico. HortScience 2015, 50, 247–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ntalli, N.; Caboni, P. A review of isothiocyanates biofumigation activity on plant parasitic nematodes. Phytochem. Rev. 2017, 16, 827–834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiang, N.; Lawrence, K.S.; Donald, P.A. Biological control potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and Heterodera glycines on soybean: A review. J. Phytopathol. 2018, 166, 449–458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jothi, G.; Pugalendhi, S.; Poornima, K.; Rajendran, G. Management of root-knot nematode in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill., with biogas slurry. Bioresour. Technol. 2003, 89, 169–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Westphal, A.; Kücke, M.; Heuer, H. Soil amendment with digestate from bio-energy fermenters for mitigating damage to Beta vulgaris subspp. by Heterodera schachtii. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2016, 99, 129–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Min, Y.Y.; Sato, E.; Shirakashi, T.; Wada, S.; Toyota, K.; Watanabe, A. Suppressive effect of anaerobically digested slurry on the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and its potential mechanisms. Jpn. J. Nematol. 2007, 37, 93–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Renčo, M.; Sasanelli, N.; D’Addabbo, T.; Papajová, I. Soil nematode community changes associated with compost amendments. Nematology 2010, 12, 681–692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sayre, R.; Patrick, Z.; Thorpe, H. Identification of a selective nematicidal component in extracts of plant residues decomposing in soil. Nematologica 1965, 11, 263–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mcsorley, R. Overview of organic amendments for management of plant-parasitic nematodes, with case studies from Florida. J. Nematol. 2011, 43, 69. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, S.; Nikolausz, M.; Zhang, J.; Riya, S.; Terada, A.; Hosomi, M. Variation of the microbial community in thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pig manure mixed with different ratios of rice straw. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2016, 122, 334–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bolleter, W.T.; Bushman, C.J.; Tidwell, P.W. Spectrophotometric determination of ammonia as indophenol. Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 592–594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sunaga, K.; Yoshimura, N.; Hou, H.; Khin Thawda, W.; Tanaka, H.; Yoshikawa, M.; Watanabe, H.; Motobayashi, T.; Kato, M.; Nishimura, T.; et al. Impacts of heavy application of anaerobically digested slurry to whole crop rice cultivation in paddy environment on water, air and soil qualities. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2009, 80, 596–605. [Google Scholar]
- Möller, K.; Müller, T. Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth: A review. Eng. Life Sci. 2012, 12, 242–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kandeler, E.; Gerber, H. Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium. Biol. Fertil. Soils 1988, 6, 68–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cataldo, D.; Maroon, M.; Schrader, L.; Youngs, V. Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1975, 6, 71–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeck, W. Rating scheme for field evaluation of root-knot nematode infestations. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr Bayer 1971, 24, 141–144. [Google Scholar]
- Sato, E.; Goto, K.; Min, Y.; Toyota, K.; Suzuki, C. Quantitative detection of Pratylenchus penetrans from soil by using soil compaction and real-time PCR. Jpn. J. Nematol. 2010, 40, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Toyota, K.; Shirakashi, T.; Sato, E.; Wada, S.; Min, Y.Y. Development of a real-time PCR method for the potato-cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2008, 54, 72–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watanabe, T.; Masumura, H.; Kioka, Y.; Noguchi, K.; Min, Y.Y.; Murakami, R.; Toyota, K. Development of a direct quantitative detection method for Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla in andosol and analysis of relationship between the initial population of Meloidogyne spp. and yield of eggplant in an andosol. Jpn. J. Nematol. 2013, 43, 21–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paul, E.A.; Clark, F.E. Chapter 7—Dynamics of Residue Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Turnover. In Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry; Paul, E.A., Clark, F.E., Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 1989; pp. 115–130. [Google Scholar]
- Cai, Z.; Xu, M.; Wang, B.; Zhang, L.; Wen, S.; Gao, S. Effectiveness of crop straws, and swine manure in ameliorating acidic red soils: a laboratory study. J. Soils Sediments 2018, 18, 2893–2903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, Q.; Wu, Z.; Yu, W.; Zhou, C.; Ning, C.; Yuan, H.; Xia, Z. Does the incorporation of dicyandiamide and hydroquinone with straw enhance the nitrogen supplying capacity in soil? Appl. Soil Ecol. 2019, 136, 158–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reichel, R.; Wei, J.; Islam, M.S.; Schmid, C.; Wissel, H.; Schröder, P.; Schloter, M.; Brüggemann, N. Potential of wheat straw, spruce sawdust, and lignin as high organic carbon soil amendments to improve agricultural nitrogen retention capacity: an incubation study. Front. Plant. Sci. 2018, 9, 900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.; Zhang, J.; Müller, C.; Cai, Z. Temporal variations of crop residue effects on soil N transformation depend on soil properties as well as residue qualities. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2018, 54, 659–669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galvez, A.; Sinicco, T.; Cayuela, M.L.; Mingorance, M.D.; Fornasier, F.; Mondini, C. Short term effects of bioenergy by-products on soil C and N dynamics, nutrient availability and biochemical properties. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2012, 160, 3–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harmsen, G.; Van Schreven, D. Mineralization of organic nitrogen in soil. Adv. Agron. 1955, 7, 299–398. [Google Scholar]
- Alexander, M. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 2nd ed.; John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 1961. [Google Scholar]
- Yadvinder, S.; Gupta, R.K.; Gurpreet, S.; Jagmohan, S.; Sidhu, H.S.; Bijay, S. Nitrogen and residue management effects on agronomic productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in rice–wheat system in Indian Punjab. Nutr. Cycl, Agroecosyst. 2009, 84, 141–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mian, I.; Rodriguez-Kabana, R. Survey of the nematicidal properties of some organic materials available in Alabama as amendments to soil for control of Meloidogyne arenaria. Nematropica 1982, 12, 235–246. [Google Scholar]
- Agu, C. Effects of organic manure types on root-gall nematode disease and African yam bean yield. J. Am. Sci. 2008, 4, 76–79. [Google Scholar]
- Nico, A.I.; Jiménez-Díaz, R.M.; Castillo, P. Control of root-knot nematodes by composted agro-industrial wastes in potting mixtures. Crop Prot. 2004, 23, 581–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Morgan-Jones, G.; Chet, I. Biological control of nematodes: Soil amendments and microbial antagonists. Plant Soil 1987, 100, 237–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maareg, M.; Gohar, I.; Tawfik, S.F. Effect of certain organic soil amendments on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) infested with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica under field conditions. Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control 2008, 18, 235–241. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, X.; Yuan, G.; Wang, H.; Lu, D.; Chen, X.; Zhou, J. Effects of full straw incorporation on soil fertility and crop yield in rice-wheat rotation for silty clay loamy cropland. Agronomy 2019, 9, 133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bulluck, L.R.; Barker, K.R.; Ristaino, J.B. Influences of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on nematode trophic groups and community dynamics under tomatoes. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2002, 21, 233–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Korayem, A. Effect of some organic wastes on Meloidogyne incognita development and tomato tolerance to the nematode. Egypt. J. Phytopathol. 2003, 31, 119–127. [Google Scholar]
Water Content (%) | pH (H2O) | Total C (g kg−1 or L−1) | Total N (g kg−1) | C/N Ratio | WSC *1 (g C kg−1) | WSN *2 (g N kg−1) | NH4-N (g N kg−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBD | 97 | 6.2 | 12 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 2.81 | 3.88 | 4.2 |
DBD20 | 81 | 8.8 | 53 | 4.3 | 12.3 | 7.66 | 2.77 | 2.7 |
DBD30 | 80 | 8.7 | 56 | 3.4 | 16.5 | 5.06 | 1.78 | 1.6 |
Rice straw | 4.0 | 6.2 | 353 | 5.5 | 64.2 | ND *3 | ND *3 | 0.1 |
Treatment | Root Gall Index (0–10) | Dry Root Weight (g pot−1) | Dry Shoot Weight (g pot−1) |
---|---|---|---|
CONT | 3.6 ± 0.3bc | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.04 |
CF | 4.3 ± 0.6c | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.22 |
WBD | 4.1 ± 0.5c | 0.17 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.10 |
DBD20 | 3.7 ± 0.4bc | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.62 ± 0.06 |
DBD30 | 3.3 ± 0.4bc | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.55 ± 0.09 |
Mix1 | 2.8 ± 0.4ab | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.08 |
Mix2 | 2.0 ± 0.3a | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.57 ± 0.06 |
Treatment | Kikugawa Soil | Fuchu Soil | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
pH | EOC (mg kg−1) | pH | EOC (mg kg−1) | |
CONT | 6.6 ± 0.1ab | 507 ± 18a | 5.8 ± 0.0b | 139 ± 11a |
CF | 6.5 ± 0.0a | 502 ± 24a | 5.6 ± 0.1a | 199 ± 36ab |
WBD | 6.8 ± 0.0c | 537 ± 9ab | 6.5 ± 0.1e | 182 ± 13a |
DBD20 | 6.9 ± 0.1d | 609 ± 27b | 6.6 ± 0.0f | 254 ± 10bc |
DBD30 | 6.9 ± 0.0d | 766 ± 24c | 6.8 ± 0.0g | 346 ± 14d |
Mix1 | 6.9 ± 0.0d | 704 ± 38c | 6.3 ± 0.1d | 267 ± 3c |
Mix2 | 6.6 ± 0.0b | 927 ± 59d | 6.2 ± 0.1c | 604 ± 39e |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, Y.; Chikamatsu, S.; Gegen, T.; Sawada, K.; Toyota, K.; Riya, S.; Hosomi, M. Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Agronomy 2019, 9, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050227
Wang Y, Chikamatsu S, Gegen T, Sawada K, Toyota K, Riya S, Hosomi M. Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Agronomy. 2019; 9(5):227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050227
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yuexi, Seiya Chikamatsu, Tuya Gegen, Kozue Sawada, Koki Toyota, Shohei Riya, and Masaaki Hosomi. 2019. "Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)" Agronomy 9, no. 5: 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050227