Multi-Factor Diagnostic and Recommendation System for Boron in Neutral and Acidic Soils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Algorithms for Prediction of Boron Mehlich-3 (BM3)
2.2. Boron Agronomical Models
2.3. Boron Recommandation Algorithms
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Algorithms for Prediction of Boron Mehlich-3 (BM3)
3.2. Boron Agronomic Models
3.3. Boron Recommendation Model
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Property | Range | Mean | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
pHW | 2.30–7.40 | 6.20 | 0.60 |
g·kg−1 | |||
Organic carbon | 8–408 | 45 | 68 |
Sand | 0–890 | 417 | 234 |
Silt | 50–600 | 341 | 145 |
Clay | 60–850 | 242 | 159 |
mg·kg−1 | |||
BHW | 0.02–3.68 | 0.40 | 0.70 |
BM3 | 0.08–12,7 | 1.00 | 2.30 |
AlM3 | 53–1679 | 966 | 369 |
CaM3 | 89–17084 | 3856 | 3964 |
MgM3 | 21–2940 | 370 | 513 |
FeM3 | 101–1205 | 263 | 150 |
KM3 | 29–806 | 235 | 507 |
CuM3 | 0.50–30.60 | 3.00 | 3.30 |
ZnM3 | 0.40–81.40 | 5.30 | 8.60 |
Reference | n * | Cultures | Reference | n * | Cultures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagchi et al. [31] | 3 | R | Mahler and Shafii [17] | 224 | L |
Cifu et al. [32] | 1 | Cs | Mahler and Shafii [18] | 268 | Be |
Cirak et al. [33] | 1 | S | Malhi et al. [34] | 14 | Can |
Cutcliffe [35] | 10 | Gp | Ganie et al. [36] | 3 | Fb |
Dunn et al. [37] | 6 | Ri | Oyewole and Aduayi [38] | 1 | T |
Debnath et al. [39] | 2 | W | Rerkasem et al. [40] | 13 | Pe, Ri, S, Su, W, Bb |
Devi et al. [41] | 2 | S | Sharma et al. [42] | 4 | Su |
Dursun et al. [43] | 6 | T, P, Cu | Sherell [44] | 7 | Rc, Wc, Ac, A |
Gupta [45] | 6 | W, B | Sherell and Toxopeus [46] | 8 | A |
Gupta [47] | 20 | A, Rc, Ti | Singh and Singh [48] | 3 | S |
Gupta and Cutcliffe [15] | 3 | Br, Bs, Cau | Turan et al. [49] | 3 | A |
Gupta and MacLeod [50] | 4 | Ti | Valenciano et al. [51] | 3 | Ch |
Hussain et al. [52] | 6 | M | Wojcik and Wojcik [53] | 2 | Pt |
Davis et al. [54] | 4 | T | Wojcik [55,56] | 4 | Bc, Hb |
Razmjoo and Henderlong [57] | 7 | A | Yu and Bell [58] | 1 | Ri |
Lombin [59] | 30 | Pe | Zhang et al. [60] | 3 | Ma |
Total = 672 |
Reference | n * | Cultures | Reference | n * | Cultures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagchi et al. [31] | 2 | R | Gupta and Cutcliffe [66] | 2 | Tb, Car |
Cifu et al. [32] | 1 | Rb | Haque [67] | 2 | T |
Debnath et al. [39] | 2 | W | Hussain et al. [52] | 4 | M |
Devi et al. [41] | 2 | S | Mahli et al. [34] | 13 | Can |
Dursun et al. [43] | 6 | T, P, Cu | Maurya et al. [68] | 1 | R |
Freeborn et al. [69] | 5 | S | Quddus et al. [70] | 3 | L |
Ganie et al. [36] | 3 | Fb | Rerkasem et al. [40] | 7 | S, Pe, Bl, W |
Gupta [45] | 6 | W, B | Singh and Singh [48] | 3 | S |
Gupta and Cutcliffe [71] | 20 | A, Rc, Ti | C. G Sherell [44] | 7 | A, Ac |
Gupta and Cutcliffe [72] | 3 | Ru | S.P. Srivastava et al. [73] | 1 | L |
Gupta and Cutcliffe [74] | 16 | Ru | Turan et al. [49] | 3 | A |
Gupta and Cutcliffe [71] | 16 | Be, Cab | |||
Total = 130 |
BM3 predicted vs BM3 measured | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algorithms | Predictors | m | 1−m | a | R2 |
A1 | BHW | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.63 |
A2 | BHW, pHW | 0.63 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.85 |
A3 | BHW, pHW, OC | 0.88 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.98 |
A4 | BHW, pHW, OC, KM3, CaM3, MgM3 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.99 |
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Dupré, R.L.C.; Khiari, L.; Gallichand, J.; Joseph, C.A. Multi-Factor Diagnostic and Recommendation System for Boron in Neutral and Acidic Soils. Agronomy 2019, 9, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080410
Dupré RLC, Khiari L, Gallichand J, Joseph CA. Multi-Factor Diagnostic and Recommendation System for Boron in Neutral and Acidic Soils. Agronomy. 2019; 9(8):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080410
Chicago/Turabian StyleDupré, Richardly Lenz Clove, Lotfi Khiari, Jacques Gallichand, and Claude Alla Joseph. 2019. "Multi-Factor Diagnostic and Recommendation System for Boron in Neutral and Acidic Soils" Agronomy 9, no. 8: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080410