Performance of Winter-Seeded Spring Wheat in Inner Mongolia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Field and Meteorological Conditions
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Data Acquisition and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Spring Emergence Rate
3.2. Growth Stages
3.3. Dry Matter Accumulation
3.4. Yield and Yield Components
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Field | pH | Organic Matter (%) | Available N (mg kg−1) | Available P (mg kg−1) | Available K (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field 1 | 7.23 | 1.9 | 37.94 | 16.31 | 100.22 |
Field 2 | 7.84 | 2.3 | 48.57 | 22.94 | 121.39 |
Variety (A) | Sowing Date (Day/Month(B)) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
11/10 (B1) | 26/10 (B2) | 10/11 (B3) | 15/3 (B4) | |
Ningdong 11 (A1) | A1B1 | A1B2 | A1B3 | A1B4 |
Yongliang 4 (A2) | A2B1 | A2B2 | A2B3 | A2B4 |
Variety (A) | Sowing Date (Day/Month(B)) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13/10 (B1) | 20/10 (B2) | 27/10 (B3) | 3/11 (B4) | 10/11 (B5) | 21/3 (B6) | |
Ningdong 11 (A1) | A1B1 | A1B2 | A1B3 | A1B4 | A1B5 | A1B6 |
Yongliang 4 (A2) | A2B1 | A2B2 | A2B3 | A2B4 | A2B5 | A2B6 |
Variety (A) | Sowing Date (Day/Month(B)) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21/10 (B1) | 28/10 (B2) | 4/11 (B3) | 11/11 (B4) | 18/11 (B5) | 20/3 (B6) | |
Henong 7106 (A1) | A1B1 | A1B2 | A1B3 | A1B4 | A1B5 | A1B6 |
Yongliang 4 (A2) | A2B1 | A2B2 | A2B3 | A2B4 | A2B5 | A2B6 |
Treatment | Emergence Rate (%) | |
---|---|---|
2014/2015 | 2015/2016 | |
A1B1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) 1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (g) |
A1B2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) | 23.7 ± 6.9 (e) |
A1B3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) | 36.4 ± 0.6 (d) |
A1B4 | 38.6 ± 2.0 (e) | 45.5 ± 2.4 (c) |
A1B5 | 55.0 ± 0.9 (c) | 56.6 ± 3.9 (b) |
A1B6 | 87.8 ± 1.8 (a) | 86.0 ± 4.5 (a) |
A2B1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (g) |
A2B2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) | 13.5 ± 3.0 (f) |
A2B3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (f) | 22.5 ± 1.5 (e) |
A2B4 | 42.1 ± 1.9 (d) | 57.8 ± 8.9 (b) |
A2B5 | 59.9 ± 1.7 (b) | 58.8 ± 3.7 (b) |
A2B6 | 86.8 ± 0.6 (a) | 86.4 ± 6.7 (a) |
Sowing date (S) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Variety (V) | 0.0061 | 0.3161 |
S × V | 0.0200 | 0.0012 |
Treatment | Growth Period (Month/Day) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zadoks 1 10 | Zadoks 21 | Zadoks 31 | Zadoks 55 | Zadoks 65 | Zadoks 71 | Zadoks 92 | |
A1B1 | 10/30 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | 04/12 | 04/27 | 05/14 | 05/24 | 06/02 | 06/16 | 07/11 |
A1B3 | 04/12 | 04/28 | 05/13 | 05/23 | 06/02 | 06/16 | 07/13 |
A1B4 | 04/15 | 05/01 | 05/24 | 06/06 | 06/18 | 07/02 | 08/04 |
A2B1 | 10/30 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | 04/13 | 04/28 | 05/12 | 05/23 | 06/02 | 06/16 | 07/12 |
A2B3 | 04/12 | 04/28 | 05/13 | 05/23 | 06/02 | 06/16 | 07/12 |
A2B4 | 04/15 | 04/30 | 05/16 | 05/27 | 06/06 | 06/21 | 07/17 |
Treatment | Growth Period (Month/Day) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zadoks 10 | Zadoks 21 | Zadoks 31 | Zadoks 55 | Zadoks 65 | Zadoks 71 | Zadoks 92 | |
A1B1 | 10/23 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | 11/03 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A1B3 | 11/10 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A1B4 | 04/17 | 05/04 | 05/19 | 05/31 | 06/08 | 06/22 | 07/15 |
A1B5 | 04/18 | 05/05 | 05/19 | 05/31 | 06/08 | 06/22 | 07/16 |
A1B6 | 04/20 | 05/07 | 05/29 | 06/12 | 06/24 | 07/07 | 08/10 |
A2B1 | 10/23 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | 11/03 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A2B3 | 11/10 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A2B4 | 04/18 | 05/05 | 05/18 | 05/31 | 06/08 | 06/22 | 07/15 |
A2B5 | 04/17 | 05/04 | 05/19 | 05/31 | 06/08 | 06/22 | 07/16 |
A2B6 | 04/20 | 05/07 | 05/21 | 06/02 | 06/12 | 06/25 | 07/20 |
Treatment | Growth Period (Month/Day) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zadoks 10 | Zadoks 21 | Zadoks 31 | Zadoks 55 | Zadoks 65 | Zadoks 71 | Zadoks 92 | |
A1B1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | 04/19 | 05/07 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/18 |
A1B3 | 04/19 | 05/07 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/18 |
A1B4 | 04/19 | 05/06 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/17 |
A1B5 | 04/19 | 05/06 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/17 |
A1B6 | 04/22 | 05/10 | 05/25 | 06/08 | 06/20 | 07/02 | 08/02 |
A2B1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | 04/18 | 05/07 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/16 |
A2B3 | 04/18 | 05/06 | 05/21 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/23 | 07/15 |
A2B4 | 04/18 | 05/06 | 05/20 | 05/31 | 06/07 | 06/22 | 07/16 |
A2B5 | 04/18 | 05/06 | 05/20 | 06/01 | 06/08 | 06/22 | 07/16 |
A2B6 | 04/22 | 05/10 | 05/22 | 06/04 | 06/12 | 06/26 | 07/22 |
Treatment | Spikes (104·ha−1) | Grains Per Spike | 1000-Grain Weigh (g) | Yield (kg·ha−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1B1 | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | 192.1 ± 3.7 (d) 1 | 37.4 ± 0.6 (b) | 45.82 ± 0.43 (a) | 2501 ± 79 (d) |
A1B3 | 582.0 ± 18.0 (b) | 35.1 ± 0.2 (c,d) | 44.31 ± 0.08 (b) | 6878 ± 111 (b) |
A1B4 | 224.0 ± 11.0 (c) | 35.2 ± 0.4 (c) | 41.87 ± 0.52 (c) | 2511 ± 220 (d) |
A2B1 | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | 210.4 ± 19.7 (c,d) | 38.8 ± 0.7 (a) | 46.02 ± 0.41 (a) | 2853 ± 172 (c) |
A2B3 | 595.5 ± 22.5 (b) | 37.9 ± 0.4 (a,b) | 45.84 ± 0.61 (a) | 7856 ± 315 (a) |
A2B4 | 708.0 ± 25.4 (a) | 34.1 ± 0.8 (d) | 42.18 ± 0.24 (c) | 7743 ± 207 (a) |
2R | 0.984 ** | −0.684 | −0.115 | |
Sowing date (S) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Variety (V) | 0.0021 | 0.0548 | 0.0575 | 0.0015 |
S × V | <0.0001 | 0.0007 | 0.0232 | <0.0001 |
Treatment | Spikes (104·ha−1) | Grains Per Spike | 1000-Grain Weight (g) | Yield (kg·ha−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1B1 | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | - | - | - | - |
A1B3 | - | - | - | - |
A1B4 | 402.3 ± 7.4 (d) 1 | 35.9 ± 0.2 (b) | 44.57 ± 0.25 (b) | 3986 ± 369 (c) |
A1B5 | 511.7 ± 6.0 (c) | 35.4 ± 0.3 (b,c) | 43.97 ± 0.14 (c) | 5141 ± 379 (b) |
A1B6 | 220.2 ± 3.1 (e) | 34.9 ± 0.4 (c,d) | 40.28 ± 0.15 (e) | 2388 ± 215 (d) |
A2B1 | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | - | - | - | - |
A2B3 | - | - | - | - |
A2B4 | 514.8 ± 3.7 (c) | 38.0 ± 0.5 (a) | 46.88 ± 0.26 (a) | 4430 ± 236 (c) |
A2B5 | 657.8 ± 10.0 (b) | 37.7 ± 0.3 (a) | 46.75 ± 0.15 (a) | 5909 ± 427 (a) |
A2B6 | 786.5 ± 10.2 (a) | 34.6 ± 0.4 (d) | 43.18 ± 0.16 (d) | 5973 ± 411 (a) |
2R | 0.922 ** | 0.121 | 0.526 | |
Sowing date (S) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
Variety (V) | 0.0001 | 0.0134 | 0.0007 | 0.0156 |
S × V | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0246 | <0.0001 |
Treatment | Spikes (104·ha−1) | Grains per Spike | 1000-Grain Weight (g) | Yield (kg·ha−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1B1 | - | - | - | - |
A1B2 | 237.3 ± 5.5 (h) 1 | 29.6 ± 0.6 (d) | 37.03 ± 0.20 (c,d) | 2229 ± 310 (f) |
A1B3 | 264.5 ± 7.8 (g) | 28.9 ± 0.6 (d,e) | 36.81 ± 0.26 (d,e) | 2466 ± 283 (f) |
A1B4 | 485.6 ± 8.0 (f) | 28.5 ± 0.3 (e,f) | 36.32 ± 0.31 (e,f) | 3297 ± 287 (d) |
A1B5 | 597.5 ± 9.2 (c) | 28.3 ± 0.5 (f) | 36.28 ± 0.35 (f) | 4166 ± 322 (c) |
A1B6 | 561.6 ± 5.2 (d) | 27.8 ± 0.5 (f) | 35.23 ± 0.18 (g) | 4082 ± 279 (c) |
A2B1 | - | - | - | - |
A2B2 | 133.7 ± 10.2 (i) | 39.9 ± 0.5 (a) | 39.05 ± 0.32 (a) | 1701 ± 317 (g) |
A2B3 | 227.0 ± 5.5 (h) | 39.6 ± 0.3 (a) | 38.31 ± 0.34 (b) | 2904 ± 404 (e) |
A2B4 | 542.7 ± 10.5 (e) | 38.9 ± 0.6 (a,b) | 37.52 ± 0.43 (c) | 5289 ± 537 (b) |
A2B5 | 702.9 ± 4.5 (b) | 38.2 ± 0.6 (b) | 37.44 ± 0.36 (c) | 5969 ± 241 (a) |
A2B6 | 828.8 ± 7.6 (a) | 36.0 ± 0.7 (c) | 36.42 ± 0.39 (e,f) | 6036 ± 427 (a) |
2R | 0.940 ** | 0.254 | −0.341 | |
Sowing date (S) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Variety (V) | 0.0017 | 0.0005 | 0.0050 | 0.0027 |
S × V | <0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.0702 | <0.0001 |
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Dong, Y.; Wei, B.; Wang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y. Performance of Winter-Seeded Spring Wheat in Inner Mongolia. Agronomy 2019, 9, 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090507
Dong Y, Wei B, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Performance of Winter-Seeded Spring Wheat in Inner Mongolia. Agronomy. 2019; 9(9):507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090507
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Yuxin, Bingqi Wei, Lixue Wang, Yuhan Zhang, Huaying Zhang, and Yongping Zhang. 2019. "Performance of Winter-Seeded Spring Wheat in Inner Mongolia" Agronomy 9, no. 9: 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090507