Early Effects of HTLV-1 Infection on the Activation, Exhaustion, and Differentiation of T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Isolation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Human Fetal Liver Samples
2.3. Establishment of HIS-NSG Mice
2.4. HTLV-1 Infection of HIS-NSG Mice and Processing of Samples
2.5. Monoclonal Antibodies and Flow Cytometry Assays
2.6. Quantification of HTLV-1 Proviral Load (PVL)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. HTLV-1 PVL in the Blood, Spleen, and MLN of HTLV-1-Infected HIS-NSG Mice
3.2. Expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Subsets Is Stimulated by HTLV-1 Infection
3.3. HTLV-1-Infection Induces CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells to Mature into Effector Memory Cells
3.4. Expression of Th1-Related Chemokine Receptors in T-Cells during HTLV-1 Infection
3.5. HTLV-1 Infection Induces the Activation and Exhaustion of T-Cells in HIS-NSG Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Espíndola, O.d.M.; Siteur-van Rijnstra, E.; Frankin, E.; Weijer, K.; van der Velden, Y.U.; Berkhout, B.; Blom, B.; Villaudy, J. Early Effects of HTLV-1 Infection on the Activation, Exhaustion, and Differentiation of T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice. Cells 2021, 10, 2514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102514
Espíndola OdM, Siteur-van Rijnstra E, Frankin E, Weijer K, van der Velden YU, Berkhout B, Blom B, Villaudy J. Early Effects of HTLV-1 Infection on the Activation, Exhaustion, and Differentiation of T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice. Cells. 2021; 10(10):2514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102514
Chicago/Turabian StyleEspíndola, Otávio de Melo, Esther Siteur-van Rijnstra, Esmay Frankin, Kees Weijer, Yme Ubeles van der Velden, Ben Berkhout, Bianca Blom, and Julien Villaudy. 2021. "Early Effects of HTLV-1 Infection on the Activation, Exhaustion, and Differentiation of T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice" Cells 10, no. 10: 2514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102514