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Cells
Volume 10
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10.3390/cells10123439
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Review

The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays

by
Jennifer Frattolin
1,
Daniel J. Watson
1,
Willy V. Bonneuil
1,
Matthew J. Russell
2,
Francesca Fasanella Masci
3,
Mikaila Bandara
3,
Bindi S. Brook
2,
Robert J. B. Nibbs
3 and
James E. Moore, Jr.
1,*
1
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2
Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
3
Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2021, 10(12), 3439; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123439
Submission received: 1 November 2021 / Revised: 1 December 2021 / Accepted: 3 December 2021 / Published: 7 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Lymphatic Trafficking in Inflammation, Immunity and Metastasis)
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Abstract

Intravital microscopy and other direct-imaging techniques have allowed for a characterisation of leukocyte migration that has revolutionised the field of immunology, resulting in an unprecedented understanding of the mechanisms of immune response and adaptive immunity. However, there is an assumption within the field that modern imaging techniques permit imaging parameters where the resulting cell track accurately captures a cell’s motion. This notion is almost entirely untested, and the relationship between what could be observed at a given scale and the underlying cell behaviour is undefined. Insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions within migration assays can result in misrepresentation of important physiologic processes or cause subtle changes in critical cell behaviour to be missed. In this review, we contextualise how scale can affect the perceived migratory behaviour of cells, summarise the limited approaches to mitigate this effect, and establish the need for a widely implemented framework to account for scale and correct observations of cell motion. We then extend the concept of scale to new approaches that seek to bridge the current “black box” between single-cell behaviour and systemic response.
Keywords: cell migration; chemotaxis; chemokine; leukocytes; scale; live cell tracking cell migration; chemotaxis; chemokine; leukocytes; scale; live cell tracking

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MDPI and ACS Style

Frattolin, J.; Watson, D.J.; Bonneuil, W.V.; Russell, M.J.; Fasanella Masci, F.; Bandara, M.; Brook, B.S.; Nibbs, R.J.B.; Moore, J.E., Jr. The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays. Cells 2021, 10, 3439. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123439

AMA Style

Frattolin J, Watson DJ, Bonneuil WV, Russell MJ, Fasanella Masci F, Bandara M, Brook BS, Nibbs RJB, Moore JE Jr. The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays. Cells. 2021; 10(12):3439. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123439

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frattolin, Jennifer, Daniel J. Watson, Willy V. Bonneuil, Matthew J. Russell, Francesca Fasanella Masci, Mikaila Bandara, Bindi S. Brook, Robert J. B. Nibbs, and James E. Moore, Jr. 2021. "The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays" Cells 10, no. 12: 3439. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123439

APA Style

Frattolin, J., Watson, D. J., Bonneuil, W. V., Russell, M. J., Fasanella Masci, F., Bandara, M., Brook, B. S., Nibbs, R. J. B., & Moore, J. E., Jr. (2021). The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays. Cells, 10(12), 3439. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123439

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