Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Model
2.2. Tissue Handling
2.3. Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry
2.4. Quantitative Post-Embedding Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Measurement of Tissue TNFα Concentrations
2.6. Bradford Protein Micromethod for the Determination of Tissue Protein Content
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Disease Characteristics of Experimental Animals
3.2. Presence of TNFα Immunoreactivity in the Intestinal Sections
3.3. Subcellular Localization and Quantification of TNFα Expression in Myenteric Ganglia
3.4. TNFα Levels in Different Intestinal Tissue Layers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Body Weight (g) ± SEM | Blood Glucose Concentration (mmol/L) ± SEM | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | Initial | Final (Average) | |
Controls (n = 5) | 224.4 ± 7.13 | 504 ± 15.65 a | 5.96 ± 0.34 | 5.81 ± 0.22 |
Diabetics (n = 5) | 228.4 ± 7.19 | 373.4 ± 12.51 ab | 6.2 ± 0.25 | 24.19 ± 0.61 ab |
Insulin-treated diabetics (n = 4) | 251.5 ± 4.35 | 481.5 ± 13.4 ac | 6.65 ± 0.18 | 9.48 ± 0.14 abc |
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Bódi, N.; Chandrakumar, L.; al Doghmi, A.; Mezei, D.; Szalai, Z.; Barta, B.P.; Balázs, J.; Bagyánszki, M. Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement. Cells 2021, 10, 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092410
Bódi N, Chandrakumar L, al Doghmi A, Mezei D, Szalai Z, Barta BP, Balázs J, Bagyánszki M. Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement. Cells. 2021; 10(9):2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092410
Chicago/Turabian StyleBódi, Nikolett, Lalitha Chandrakumar, Afnan al Doghmi, Diána Mezei, Zita Szalai, Bence Pál Barta, János Balázs, and Mária Bagyánszki. 2021. "Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement" Cells 10, no. 9: 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092410